Development of the thermoregulatory mechanism – Raising the possibility that it is acquired at birth

Whether the human thermoregulation mechanism in response to environmental temperature stimuli originates from learning or evolution remains an intriguing research question. Body temperature regulation depends not only on innate temperature sensation but also on acquired conditioning. Maintaining body temperature is essential for homeostasis, and the brain coordinates this process through a network of interconnected regulatory systems. In this review, we discuss how humans perceive temperature and establish thermoregulatory mechanisms at birth. We also propose an acquired connectivity structure perspective for the development of neonatal thermoregulatory mechanisms, particularly for brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. This perspective will enhance our understanding of the various acquired mechanisms of thermoregulation and adaptation to environmental temperature. Ultimately, this knowledge may contribute to the development of effective interventions for thermal balance disruptions, such as neonatal hypothermia.