通过代谢组学分析和协同研究，探索发酵和非发酵可可豆壳提取物的抗菌活性。

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI:10.1002/jsfa.14366

Yie Kie Chong, Wei Khang Gan, Joash Ban Lee Tan, Ahmad Kamil Hj Mohd Jaaffar, Zainal Baharum, Keng Yoon Yeong

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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景：可可豆壳（CBS）提取物已成为一种有前途的抗菌化合物来源。然而，对其抗菌活性的生物活性化合物尚未进行充分的研究。本研究分析了发酵和未发酵CBS的12种提取物的抗菌特性，采用溶剂和蒸汽蒸馏提取技术最大限度地提高了生物活性多样性。这些提取物对选定的细菌和真菌进行了评估，包括“ESKAPE”病原体。结果：CBS溶剂和蒸汽蒸馏提取物（乙酸乙酯发酵CBS除外）对变形链球菌具有抗菌活性，最低抑菌浓度（mic）低至0.0625 mg mL-1，而发酵和非发酵蒸汽蒸馏CBS提取物对白色念珠菌的mic均为1 mg mL-1。总体而言，蒸汽蒸馏提取物比溶剂提取物具有更强的抗菌活性。发酵的CBS提取物比未发酵的CBS提取物具有更好的抗菌活性。代谢组学分析发现，可可碱（TB）和四甲基吡嗪（TMP）是对变形链球菌具有抗菌活性的分子。结果表明，咖啡因（CAF）、TB和TMP对变形链球菌和鲍曼不动杆菌有活性，而CAF和TB对白色念珠菌有活性。CAF、TB和TMP与环丙沙星（CIP）对产气克雷伯菌有显著的协同作用。结论：这些发现突出了CBS中存在的生物活性化合物在开发可持续抗菌药物方面的巨大潜力。这些天然存在的化合物，包括CAF、TB和TMP，表现出显著的抗菌特性，也可以用来增强常用抗生素（如环丙沙星）的活性。未来的研究可以集中在确定这些生物活性分子的作用模式上。©2025作者。约翰威利父子有限公司代表化学工业协会出版的《食品与农业科学杂志》。

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Exploring the antimicrobial activity of fermented and non-fermented cocoa bean shell extracts through metabolomics analysis and synergistic studies.

Background: Cocoa bean shell (CBS) extracts have emerged as a promising source of antimicrobial compounds. However, the bioactive compounds responsible for their antimicrobial activity have not been studied sufficiently. This study analyzed the antimicrobial properties of 12 extracts from fermented and non-fermented CBS, employing solvent and steam distillation extraction techniques to maximize bioactive diversity. The extracts were assessed against selected bacteria and fungi, including the 'ESKAPE' pathogens.

Results: The CBS solvent and steam distillation extracts (except for ethyl acetate-fermented CBS) were found to exhibit antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) as low as 0.0625 mg mL^-1, whereas both fermented and non-fermented steam distillation CBS extracts were found to be active against Candida albicans with MICs at 1 mg mL^-1. Overall, steam distillation extracts possessed enhanced antimicrobial activity in comparison with solvent extracts of CBS. Fermented CBS extracts were found to possess better antimicrobial activity than non-fermented CBS extracts. Metabolomics analysis identified theobromine (TB) and tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) as molecules that contributed to antimicrobial activity against S. mutans. Results showed that caffeine (CAF), TB and TMP were active against S. mutans and Acinetobacter baumannii, whereas CAF and TB were active against C. albicans. Significant synergistic effects of CAF, TB, and TMP with ciprofloxacin (CIP) were observed against Klebsiella aerogenes.

Conclusion: These findings highlight the significant potential of bioactive compounds present in CBS for use in the development of sustainable antimicrobial agents. These naturally occurring compounds, including CAF, TB, and TMP, exhibited notable antimicrobial properties, which could also be harnessed to enhance the activity of commonly used antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin. Future studies could focus on determining the mode of action of these bioactive molecules. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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来源期刊

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 工程技术-农业综合

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

4.90%

发文量

634

审稿时长

3.1 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture publishes peer-reviewed original research, reviews, mini-reviews, perspectives and spotlights in these areas, with particular emphasis on interdisciplinary studies at the agriculture/ food interface. Published for SCI by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. SCI (Society of Chemical Industry) is a unique international forum where science meets business on independent, impartial ground. Anyone can join and current Members include consumers, business people, environmentalists, industrialists, farmers, and researchers. The Society offers a chance to share information between sectors as diverse as food and agriculture, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, materials, chemicals, environmental science and safety. As well as organising educational events, SCI awards a number of prestigious honours and scholarships each year, publishes peer-reviewed journals, and provides Members with news from their sectors in the respected magazine, Chemistry & Industry . Originally established in London in 1881 and in New York in 1894, SCI is a registered charity with Members in over 70 countries.