Experimental, statistical and numerical study of the single laser spot condition and influence parameters of a Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Lithium Fluoride laser

This study investigates the influence of key laser processing parameters—namely laser power and pass number—on AISI 301LN stainless steel, utilizing a Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Lithium Fluoride (Nd) laser. Employing a Design of Experiments (DOE) approach coupled with Finite Element Analysis (FEA), the research examines single-spot laser effects on surface morphology, with specific focus on spot width, depth, and roughness. Through systematic experimentation, ANOVA, and response surface methodology, significant findings reveal that pass number is a dominant factor affecting spot width and depth, while laser power subtly impacts roughness. The study provides regression models for predictive analysis, enabling parameter optimization to achieve precise microstructural changes. Complementary simulations further illustrate thermal distribution, ablation effects, and fluid dynamics in the laser-affected zone. Results support tailored laser parameters selection to improve surface integrity and performance, positioning this approach as valuable for precision applications in advanced materials processing.