Sustainable construction practices in urban areas: innovative materials, technologies, and policies to address environmental challenges

The rapid population growth has increased the demand for construction activities, depleting the raw material reserves and increasing energy consumption. This review discusses sustainable construction materials, energy-efficient architectural designs and state-of-the-art technologies like green buildings and net-zero energy policy that will assist in addressing the environmental challenges. Utilizing recyclable, reusable, and biodegradable materials can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of buildings, promoting sustainable development. Material science, specifically the development of new materials and technologies, drives innovation in sustainable construction. The paper also discusses several policies and strategies on sustainability in the construction industry, including the environmental, economic, and social benefits derived from green construction methods. The environmental benefits achieved by adopting sustainable construction methods are significant; such practices reduce the ecological footprint of the built environment. To promote sustainability, it is essential to implement more robust regulations governing sustainable construction practices and to incentivise stakeholders by supporting research initiatives, legislative development, and regulatory frameworks. Furthermore, this study suggest for strengthening collaborations, developing targeted programs, leveraging digital technologies, and advancing the circular economy to optimise resource utilisation and minimise waste.