从法国到中国?非洲的生态不平等交换、新殖民主义和环境冲突

IF 5.4 1区 经济学 Q1 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
Roberto Cantoni , Marcel Llavero-Pasquina , Elia Apostolopoulou , Julien-François Gerber , Patrick Bond , Joan Martinez-Alier
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引用次数: 0

摘要

非洲作为殖民主义的遗产以及新殖民主义和后殖民主义的持续动态最深刻地感受到的大陆而脱颖而出。由于非洲是全球主要的原材料供应国,并且由于目前正在向所谓的“聪明”经济和“绿色”能源系统进行技术过渡,预计对非洲矿物的需求将大大增加。要理解促使许多非洲国家逐渐寻求新贸易伙伴的条件,欧洲帝国主义及其历史上根深蒂固的榨取主义逻辑是不可或缺的。但“殖民主义”并不局限于历史殖民主义。在过去的二十年里,中国逐渐在非洲贸易中扮演了重要的角色,成为非洲的第一个贸易伙伴,这导致一些学者质疑中国是否正在发展一种新的殖民主义。欧洲、美国和中国的私营和上市公司对非洲资源的采掘活动产生了深远的影响,导致社会生态成本从工业化国家转移到非洲的采掘边缘。在这项工作中,我们采用政治生态学的方法来研究:1)挥之不去的法国帝国主义和中国新殖民主义的主张;ii)法国和中国在非洲实施的项目的影响。我们运用生态不平等交换理论和涉及中国和法国工业的环境冲突案例来证明这些项目如何对非洲领土造成破坏性影响,导致土地污染和对社区健康的有害影响。我们在中国和法国的案例中都发现了生态不平等交换的证据,尽管这两个国家与非洲国家整体贸易关系的动态特征明显不同。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
From Françafrique to Chinafrica? Ecologically unequal exchange, neocolonialism, and environmental conflicts in Africa
Africa stands out as the continent where the legacies of colonialism and the ongoing dynamics of neo- and post-colonialism are felt most profoundly. In its role as the primary global supplier of raw materials, and with the ongoing technological transition towards the so-called “smart” economy and “green” energy systems, the demand for minerals from Africa is anticipated to increase significantly. European imperialism and its historically embedded extractivist logic are indispensable to understand the conditions that gradually prompted many African states to seek new trading partners. But “coloniality” is not limited to historical colonialism. Over the last two decades China has gradually assumed a prominent role in African trade, becoming Africa’s first trading partner, and leading several scholars to ask whether China is developing a new kind of colonialism. The impact of extractive activities by European, American, and Chinese private and public companies on African resources has been profound, resulting in the shifting of socio-ecological costs from industrialised countries to the African extractive peripheries. In this work, we employ a political ecology approach to examine: i) the claims of lingering French imperialism and Chinese neocolonialism; and ii) the impact of projects implemented by actors from France and China in Africa. We mobilise the theory of ecologically unequal exchange and cases of environmental conflicts involving Chinese and French industries to demonstrate how these projects have resulted in damaging impacts over African territories, leading to land pollution and detrimental effects on community health. We find evidence of ecologically unequal exchange both in the Chinese and French cases, though the dynamics characterising the trading relations of these two countries with the ensemble of African countries is markedly different.
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来源期刊
World Development
World Development Multiple-
CiteScore
12.70
自引率
5.80%
发文量
320
期刊介绍: World Development is a multi-disciplinary monthly journal of development studies. It seeks to explore ways of improving standards of living, and the human condition generally, by examining potential solutions to problems such as: poverty, unemployment, malnutrition, disease, lack of shelter, environmental degradation, inadequate scientific and technological resources, trade and payments imbalances, international debt, gender and ethnic discrimination, militarism and civil conflict, and lack of popular participation in economic and political life. Contributions offer constructive ideas and analysis, and highlight the lessons to be learned from the experiences of different nations, societies, and economies.
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