A combined strategy of multi-toxin detection and ITS identification for accurate and efficient inspection of poisonous mushrooms

Poisonous mushrooms pose a high risk in case of accidental consuming. It is conclusive to detect the toxins and identify the species of the mushroom rapidly when poisoning occurs. In this study, a combined strategy was proposed for simultaneous determination of 17 toxins using UHPLC-MS/MS and species identification of the poisonous mushroom using ITS method with limited fragmentary mushrooms. Mushroom toxins were extracted with methanol/water (1:1, v/v), purified with HLB cartridge, and analyzed on an HSS T3 column. For all analytes, recoveries were obtained between 80 % and 110 % with good accuracy and precision. LOD ranges from 0.5 μg/kg to 5.0 μg/kg. Meanwhile, 33 wild mushrooms were identified and screened for toxins with a small amount of fragmentary piece. The established strategy is rapid, simple, sensitive, and highly efficient, which is important for food safety assessment, prevention of poisoning, identification of the source of poison after poisoning.