Comparative analysis of microgreens and germinated seeds from three Brassicaceae cultivars: Macro- and micro-nutrient and glucosinolate composition

The Brassicaceae family is one of the most widely consumed plant groups, with increasing popularity for its microgreens and germinated seeds. However, comprehensive nutritional data on these stages of plant development remain limited. To address this gap, we analyzed and compared the nutritional compositions of three Brassicaceae cultivars—red cabbage, kaiware daikon, and broccoli—at the microgreen and germinated seed stages. We hypothesized that, in comparison to their antecedents, microgreens would have higher concentrations of nutrients and bioactive molecules. Rather, our results show that microgreens have a wide range of very high micronutrient concentrations, while germinated seeds have significantly greater macronutrients, glucosinolates, and minerals. Our study provides a reference index for future research, particularly in the biofortification of microgreens through the use of various growing media and elicitors. These findings not only deepen the understanding of the nutritional potential of Brassicaceae cultivars but also highlight the distinct contributions of both microgreens and germinated seeds to human nutrition. This knowledge is essential for consumers, growers, and researchers to optimize the health benefits of these plant stages.