Microbial Insights: The Role of Diet in Modulating Gut Microbiota and Metabolites After Acute Coronary Syndrome

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a leading cause of global mortality, largely due to atherosclerosis influenced by lifestyle factors like diet. Gut microbiota impacts lipid metabolism, inflammation, and endothelial function, all vital in atherosclerosis. Dysbiosis increases intestinal permeability, causing inflammation and plaque instability, elevating cardiac event risk. This study investigates the impact of dietary improvements on gut microbiota and metabolite release in recent ACS patients versus healthy individuals. A cohort of 29 recent ACS patients receiving lipid-lowering therapy and dietary advice was analyzed alongside 56 healthy controls. Dietary habits, serum, and stool samples were collected at admission and after 3 months. Metagenomic analysis of stool and metabolomic analysis of serum were conducted. The results showed bacterial dysbiosis in ACS patients, characterized by a reduction in beneficial genera and an increase in potentially pro-inflammatory bacteria. After 3 months of dietary improvements, three metabolites with anti-inflammatory properties were significantly upregulated. The findings highlight the association between gut microbiota dysbiosis, fatty diets, and inflammation in ACS patients. The observed increase in anti-inflammatory metabolites following dietary changes underscore the following dietary interventions in modulating gut microbiota and improving cardiovascular and metabolic health.