神经周围网络：在正常大脑生理和衰老中的作用，以及各种疾病的病理

IF 12.5 1区医学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Ageing Research Reviews Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI:10.1016/j.arr.2025.102756

Kaiqi Zhu , Yifei Fu , Yinfei Zhao , Bing Niu , Han Lu

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引用次数: 0

摘要

神经周围网（PNNs）是中枢神经系统中一种特殊的细胞外基质。它们在大脑中广泛分布，分布模式因大脑区域而异。它们独特的结构和组成使它们在一系列生理和病理活动中发挥重要作用。在本文中，我们回顾了不同生命阶段pnn的组成和结构，并详细分析和比较了pnn在不同大脑区域的区域特异性分布模式。我们还讨论了pnn参与可塑性、记忆和神经保护的具体机制。此外，我们还描述了pnn在衰老和各种脑部疾病（如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、吸毒成瘾和精神分裂症）中的异常变化。最后，我们从基因治疗、纳米技术和生物材料三个方面回顾了针对pnn调节脑功能和解决神经系统疾病的新兴和成熟的治疗策略。本文综述了PNNs在生命不同阶段的生理作用，以及PNNs异常导致各种脑部疾病的机制，为潜在的治疗方法提供见解。

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Perineuronal nets: Role in normal brain physiology and aging, and pathology of various diseases

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are a specialized extracellular matrix in the central nervous system. They are widely distributed in the brain, with distribution patterns varying by brain region. Their unique structure and composition allow them to play an important role in a range of physiological and pathological activities. In this article, we review the composition and structure of PNNs across different life stages, and provide a detailed analysis and comparison of the region-specific distribution patterns of PNNs in different brain areas. We also discuss the specific mechanisms by which PNNs are involved in plasticity, memory, and neuroprotection. Furthermore, we describe the abnormal changes in PNNs in aging and various brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, drug addiction, and schizophrenia. Finally, we review emerging and established therapeutic strategies targeting PNNs to modulate brain function and address neurological disorders from three perspectives: gene therapy, nanotechnology, and biomaterials. This review summarizes the physiological roles of PNNs at different stages of life and the mechanisms by which PNNs abnormalities contribute to various brain diseases, providing insights for potential therapeutic approaches.

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来源期刊

Ageing Research Reviews 医学-老年医学

CiteScore

19.80

自引率

2.30%

发文量

216

审稿时长

55 days

期刊介绍： With the rise in average human life expectancy, the impact of ageing and age-related diseases on our society has become increasingly significant. Ageing research is now a focal point for numerous laboratories, encompassing leaders in genetics, molecular and cellular biology, biochemistry, and behavior. Ageing Research Reviews (ARR) serves as a cornerstone in this field, addressing emerging trends. ARR aims to fill a substantial gap by providing critical reviews and viewpoints on evolving discoveries concerning the mechanisms of ageing and age-related diseases. The rapid progress in understanding the mechanisms controlling cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival is unveiling new insights into the regulation of ageing. From telomerase to stem cells, and from energy to oxyradical metabolism, we are witnessing an exciting era in the multidisciplinary field of ageing research. The journal explores the cellular and molecular foundations of interventions that extend lifespan, such as caloric restriction. It identifies the underpinnings of manipulations that extend lifespan, shedding light on novel approaches for preventing age-related diseases. ARR publishes articles on focused topics selected from the expansive field of ageing research, with a particular emphasis on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the aging process. This includes age-related diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. The journal also covers applications of basic ageing research to lifespan extension and disease prevention, offering a comprehensive platform for advancing our understanding of this critical field.