Obesity Parameters in Women Is Associated With AMY1 Gene Copy Number, Nesfatin-1 Level, and Dietary Intake: A Case-Control Study

AMY1 gene copy number (GCN) variations and the satiety hormone Nesfatin-1 have recently emerged as potential contributors to obesity and related metabolic disturbances. This study evaluated the relationship between AMY1 GCN, Nesfatin-1 level, and nutritional status in obese/overweight and normal-weight women. Participants included 40 normal-weight and 45 overweight/obese women aged 19–50. Data were collected through a demographic and dietary habits questionnaire, a 3-day food recall, anthropometric measurements, and body composition analysis via bioelectrical impedance. Saliva samples were used to measure AMY1 GCN and Nesfatin-1 levels. The AMY1 GCN was significantly lower in overweight/obese participants compared to normal-weight participants. Increased AMY1 GCN was associated with a decrease in BMI (−0.154 units), while increased Nesfatin-1 level was linked to a rise in BMI (0.196 units) (p < 0.05). Women with low AMY1 GCN had higher daily intakes of energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat (p < 0.05). This study highlights the significant roles of AMY1 GCN and Nesfatin-1 in the development of obesity. The findings suggest that lower AMY1 GCN and higher Nesfatin-1 levels are associated with unfavorable nutritional and metabolic profiles. Further comprehensive studies on genetic and hormonal factors, including AMY1 GCN and Nesfatin-1, are recommended to guide obesity prevention and treatment strategies.