Photoluminescence film based on gelatin/phycocyanin nanoliposome/zero-valent iron nanoparticle/gold-iridium composite

This study aimed to produce biodegradable gelatin-based films with photoluminescence capabilities. Initially, phycocyanin nanoliposomes were prepared to create the Gel/NL/Fe/P film (gelatin/phycocyanin nanoliposome/zero-valent iron nanoparticle/photoluminescent pigment). The films' physicochemical and luminescence properties were analyzed using SEM, FTIR, XRD, DSC, and photoluminescence techniques. Results indicated 80 % encapsulation efficiency of phycocyanin, with stable nanoliposomes of 100 nm and a zeta potential of −47 mV produced. The addition of liposomes, iron, and pigments enhanced the film's thickness, tensile strength, and elongation while reducing oxygen and water vapor permeability, moisture content, and solubility—an advantageous outcome. SEM images showed a smooth film surface and uniform distribution of components. FTIR confirmed interactions between the film components, while XRD verified the crystalline structure and presence of nanoparticles. DSC showed that the additives increased the glass transition and melting points of the gelatin film. The photoluminescence and fluorescence spectra demonstrated the luminescent properties, making these films suitable for active/smart food packaging and effective in attracting customers in dark environments. Additionally, they can serve as kits or detectors for various gases in food packaging.