Devised multiple-function macroporous resin via modifying of phenylboronic acid polymers and boronic acid type carbon dots in the fluorescence screening and solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detection of toxins

Timely and accurate identification of mushrooms toxins is crucial for the treatment of mushroom poisoning patients. Here, macroporous adsorption resin (MAR) of poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) grafted 4-vinyl phenylboronic acid (VPBA) by SI-ATRP, and then coupled boronic acid-type carbon dots (BA-CDs) with red fluorescence, creating MAR@poly(VPBA)/BA-CDs. Owing to the incorporation of hydrophobic/π–π/boronate affinity forces, MAR@poly(VPBA)/BA-CDs presented over 9.18 mg g⁻¹ of adsorption capacity, and served as solid-phase extraction (SPE) adsorbent in LC-MS/MS analysis to establish SPE-LC-MS/MS identification for toxins. Beyond that, MAR@poly(VPBA)/BA-CDs showed special fluorescence quenching with a linear range of 5–200 μg L⁻¹ toxin concentration and the 3.26 μg L⁻¹ of detection limit. Conclusively, the integration of fluorescence screening with SPE-LC-MS/MS identification monitored mushroom and urine samples, quick screening by fluorescence detection was used to determine whether samples are positive for presence of toxins, then the screened positive samples were eluted to identify the concentration of each toxins by SPE-LC/MS/MS.