A multidimensional perspective of digitization in Romanian public institutions

The aim of the paper is to analyze the digitalization from a three dimensions perspective: the one of the technological infrastructures, the one of the employees and its willingness to implement changes, and the one of the citizens. The reasoning behind choosing the dimensions relies in their importance and interconnectedness. The first dimension, technological infrastructure and tools, deals with the assessment of the technological readiness of Romanian public institutions for digitalization. The focus of this dimension will be to analyze the existing hardware, software, data management practices, and cybersecurity measures, the foundation upon which digital initiatives are built. By analyzing the extent of cloud adoption, data center utilization, and cybersecurity strategies, this dimension sheds light on the critical underpinnings of successful digital transformation. The second dimension deals with the assessment of employees willingness to take part in the digital transformation and to implement the changes. The framework selected for this dimension is the ADKAR (Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, and Reinforcement) framework which offers a structured approach to managing organizational change. By applying this framework, the study explores how Romanian public institutions manage resistance to digital transformation, foster a culture of technological adaptation, and ensure the successful implementation of digital initiatives. Finally, the third dimension involves the citizens and assess the public engagement and participation. The third dimension explores the extent to which Romanian public institutions leverage digital platforms to engage citizens and stakeholders. The study examines online portals, transparency in decision-making, and mechanisms for gathering public input. By investigating the accessibility, effectiveness, and inclusivity of digital engagement channels, the research aims to identify best practices that enhance citizen participation and contribute to more responsive governance.

These three dimensions will be operationalized in a questionnaire which will be send to all the city halls in Romania. In Romania, there are 3.228 administrative territorial units. Among these 3.228, 103 municipalities (including Bucharest), 320 cities, and 2859 rural communes. Respondents will be asked to identify their role and to answer a set of questions measuring the three dimensions (technological infrastructure, employee willingness to participate in digitalization, and public engagement).

The synthesis of findings across these dimensions provides a holistic understanding of the digitalization landscape within Romanian public institutions. It highlights the interplay between technological readiness, citizen engagement, and effective change management. The study’s insights contribute to the development of informed strategies for optimizing digitalization efforts, improving service delivery, and strengthening citizen-government interactions. Ultimately, this paper serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, public administrators, researchers, and practitioners seeking to navigate the complexities of digital transformation in the Romanian public sector. As digitalization continues to shape governance worldwide, understanding its multifaceted impact is crucial for driving meaningful and sustainable change within public institutions.