A comparative pharmacokinetic assessment of an innovative bioavailable Hydro-Oleo β-alanine complex with conventional β-alanine: A randomized double-blind, single dose, three-treatment, three-way crossover oral bioavailability study in healthy aged-human adults under fasting conditions

High oral doses of β-alanine are often associated with uncomfortable symptoms of paresthesia, discouraging adherence to supplementation. This study aimed to evaluate the bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and tolerability of a 400 mg Hydro-Oleo encapsulated β-alanine complex specifically designed to reduce paresthesia. A randomized, double-blind, single-dose, three-treatment, three-way crossover oral bioavailability study was conducted in healthy older adults under fasting conditions. The study compared the β-alanine complex with low (400 mg) and high (1200 mg) doses of conventional β-alanine. The β-alanine complex (400 mg) achieved a nearly 4.5-fold and 1.3-fold increase in circulating concentrations compared to 400 mg and 1200 mg of conventional β-alanine, respectively. Importantly, no adverse effects, including paresthesia, were observed despite the higher plasma concentrations. The Hydro-Oleo technology facilitated the controlled release of β-alanine, ensuring enhanced bioavailability and tolerability. This innovative β-alanine complex demonstrates a safe, effective, and sensory-friendly approach to improving β-alanine absorption, particularly for older adults aiming to maintain good health.