A linearized multi-directional FE model for bolted connection design and analysis

The bolted joint is one of the most common connection types used in structures and mechanical systems. Traditionally, bolted connections are designed using certain standards and assumptions to obtain initial designs. These initial designs are then analyzed using analytical or numerical methods to ensure safety conditions. Each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages. The study presented in this paper introduces a multi-directional finite element (FE) based bolted joint model, which is particularly useful for the verification step using linear static analysis in bolted connection design. This model combines the advantages of both analytical and numerical methods to partially capture the bolted joint behavior in multiple directions and achieve a time-saving, easy-to-use solution with acceptable accuracy. Due to the linearized characteristics, the application of the model can also be expanded to modal analysis for general bolted connection structures. The proposed model was verified using previous findings from other authors, modal testing, and full 3D model analysis. The applications of the model were demonstrated as well as the pros and cons of the proposed approach were pointed out clearly.