The emerging significance of furan fatty acids in food, nutrition, and potential therapeutic use1

The emerging significance of furan fatty acids (FuFAs) is explored at the intersection of food, chemistry, nutrition, and therapeutics. FuFAs, with a distinctive furan ring incorporated into fatty acyl chains, are minor yet bioactive constituents of dietary lipids known for their unique chemical properties. This review examines FuFA biosynthesis in various organisms, highlighting their occurrence in food products. We also address the challenges of FuFA instability, which influence their availability and impact on food science. The chemical synthesis of FuFAs is reviewed, paving the way for future animal and human studies. FuFAs exhibit potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, with growing evidence of their role in metabolic health. Recent research suggests that FuFAs may extend benefits beyond omega-3 fatty acids in promoting cardiovascular and metabolic health. By consolidating current knowledge and identifying gaps, this review sets the stage for future research to harness the therapeutic potential of FuFAs.