评估中国青岛市中小学生水痘疫苗的有效性：一项匹配病例对照研究

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Infectious diseases now Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI:10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105049

Zhongyang Zhang , Zhisheng Ren , Ping Hu , Xiaofan Li , Sitong Liu , Peng Wang , Feng Yang

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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的水痘疫苗接种策略的有效性有待进一步评价。评价水痘疫苗的疫苗有效性（VE），分析青岛市中小学生水痘疫苗接种VE随时间的变化。患者与方法采用1:3匹配病例对照研究，数据来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统、青岛市学生健康检查管理系统和青岛市免疫规划信息系统。使用条件logistic回归模型估计水痘疫苗接种的VE。结果共纳入水痘病例3249例，对照组9747例。一剂和两剂水痘疫苗的VE分别为31.95%（95%可信区间[CI]: 25.05% - 38.20%）和82.02% (95% CI: 78.33% - 85.07%)，增量VE（两剂vs一剂疫苗）为73.57% （95% CI: 68.26% - 78.00%）。两剂水痘疫苗接种后10年，VE仍为71.46%，而一剂水痘疫苗接种后约3-5年，VE大幅下降至29.73%。两剂水痘疫苗接种VE与两剂接种时间间隔无关。水痘感染的风险随着接种水痘疫苗的剂量和第一次接种水痘疫苗的年龄而降低，随着最后一次接种水痘疫苗后的时间而增加。结论两剂水痘疫苗接种对儿童有较好的保护作用，建议纳入中国国家免疫规划。

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Assessing the effectiveness of the varicella vaccine in primary and secondary school students in Qingdao, China: A matched case–control study

Objectives

The effectiveness of varicella vaccination strategies needs to be further evaluated. The vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the varicella vaccine was evaluated, and changes in VE of varicella vaccination in primary and secondary school students in Qingdao, China, over time were analyzed.

Patients and methods

We conducted a 1:3 matched case–control study, using data from the Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Student Health Examination Management System, and Qingdao Immunization Program Information System. VE of the varicella vaccination was estimated using conditional logistic regression modeling.

Results

A total of 3,249 varicella cases and 9,747 matched controls were included. One- and two-dose varicella vaccination had VE of 31.95 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 25.05 %–38.20 %) and 82.02 % (95 % CI: 78.33 %–85.07 %), respectively, and the incremental VE (two-dose versus one-dose vaccination) was 73.57 % (95 % CI: 68.26 %–78.00 %). VE remained at 71.46 % 10 years after the two-dose varicella vaccination, compared with a considerable decrease in VE to 29.73 % approximately 3–5 years after the one-dose varicella vaccination. VE of two-dose varicella vaccination was not related to the time interval between the two doses. The risk of varicella infection decreases with the number of doses of varicella vaccine received and with the age at which the first dose is given and increases with time after the last dose.

Conclusions

Two-dose varicella vaccination provides better protection for children and is therefore recommended for inclusion in China’s national immunization program.

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