Metabolomics Reveal the Anti-Hyperuricemia Effects and Mechanisms of Sunflower Head Extract in Hyperuricemia Mice Model

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a globally prevalent metabolic disease characterized by excessive production or insufficient excretion of uric acid in the serum. Although several drugs are available for the treatment of HUA, they have been associated with undesirable side effects. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effects of sunflower head extract (KHE) on HUA in a mouse model and explore its potential mechanisms. All mice were randomly divided into three groups: Normal control (NC, 0.5% CMC-Na), HUA model (MD, yeast extract paste 20 g/kg), and KHE treatment group (KHE, 1 g/kg). Biochemical indicators, the oxidative stress state, and metabolomics were analyzed. KHE reduced the levels of 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide, xanthine, hypoxanthine, and uric acid in the serum of mice with HUA but increased the levels of adenine and taurine. KHE decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, the hepatic hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and the serum levels of betaine aldehyde and beta-D-glucosamine. KHE improved oxidative stress levels and mitigated potential damage to the kidneys and joints caused by urate deposition. These findings provide comprehensive evidence supporting the anti-HUA effects and underlying mechanisms of KHE in HUA mice.