Proposal of staging system and treatment guideline for diagnostically challenging primary intra-osseous carcinoma: A retrospective single-center case series and literature review

The objective of this retrospective study is to examine the clinical, imaging and pathologic features of 10 patients diagnosed with ‘primary intraosseous carcinoma (PIOC)’ at a single institution and to identify factors affecting the prognosis of PIOC patients. By proposing a new staging system based on tumor size, cortical bone deformation, neck metastasis and histologic grade, the study aims to address the lack of a distinct staging system, which has led to the mixed use of the classification for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Furthermore, the study intends to suggest a treatment guideline based on the newly proposed staging system. By sharing the accumulated experience of treating PIOC patients at a single institution, the study seeks to contribute to more accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.