Hilaire Kpongbe, Fathiya M. Khamis, Xavier Cheseto, Hillary K. Kirwa, Manuele Tamò, Baldwyn Torto
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引用次数: 0
摘要
在非洲，豇豆和豆类等食用豆类是数百万农村和城市人口的重要蛋白质来源。然而，多种害虫的袭击可使产量减少高达80%。小农使用常规杀虫剂保护作物不受害虫侵害，从而助长了对杀虫剂的抗药性，危及食品安全。迄今为止，在管理豆科害虫时，还没有可替代的可持续做法来减少杀虫剂的使用。本研究旨在提供一种基于半化学物质的可持续替代杀虫剂，以管理多种豆科害虫，提高粮食生产力。结果采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）和气相色谱-触角电图联用（EAD）分析，鉴定了2-甲基丁基2-甲基丁酸酯是东非特有的豆科害虫长形螟（Clavigralla elongata）雄性产生的聚集信息素。在西非和东非进行的多地点田间试验中，2-甲基丁基2-甲基丁酸酯及其类似物异戊基丁酸酯（之前从pan-tropical cocorbug C. tomentosicollis中鉴定出）都能将多种豆科害虫诱捕到陷阱中，包括Clavigralla属、豆科豆荚虫Maruca vitrata、花蓟马Megalurothrips sjostedti和白蝇烟粉虱。此外，这两种信息素都能将Clavigralla的天敌寄生蜂引诱到陷阱中。白蝇只在东非被用信息素做诱饵的陷阱捕捉到。与农民做法（杀虫剂处理）和控制相比，部署优化的信息素诱捕系统显著减少了豆科害虫，并将天敌密度提高了多达六倍。信息素处理和杀虫剂处理的豆科植物产量相当，比未处理的高出约320-590%。结论核虫信息素是一种新型的多功能半化学工具，可用于豆科植物害虫的可持续管理和生产，无需使用杀虫剂。图形抽象
Multifunctional coreid bug pheromones for efficient bioprotection against legume pests and enhanced food productivity
Background
In Africa, food legumes such as cowpeas and beans constitute important sources of proteins for millions of rural and urban populations. However, attacks by multiple pest species can reduce yields by up to 80%. Small-holder farmers protect their crops against pests using conventional insecticides, thereby contributing to insecticide resistance and jeopardizing food safety. To date, no alternative sustainable practices are available to reduce insecticide use in the management of legume pests. This study aimed to provide a sustainable alternative to insecticide use based on semiochemicals to manage multiple legume pest species and enhance food productivity.
Results
Using coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and coupled GC-electroantennographic detection (EAD) analyses, we identified 2-methylbutyl 2-methylbutanoate as the male-produced aggregation pheromone of the legume pest, Clavigralla elongata, a coreid bug species specific to East Africa. In multi-site field trials conducted in West Africa and East Africa, 2-methylbutyl 2-methylbutanoate and its analogue, isopentyl butanoate, previously identified from the pan-tropical coreid bug, C. tomentosicollis, both lured multiple legume insect pest species including from the Clavigralla genus, the legume pod-borer Maruca vitrata, flower thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti, and whitefly Bemisia tabaci into traps. Additionally, both pheromones lured the Clavigralla natural enemy parasitoid Gryon fulviventris into traps. The whitefly was only captured in pheromone-baited traps in East Africa. Deployment of an optimized pheromone trapping system significantly reduced legume pests and increased natural enemy density by up to sixfold compared to farmer practice (insecticide-treatment) and control. Legume yields for pheromone and insecticide treatments were comparable, ~ 320–590% higher than untreated controls.
Conclusion
These findings establish coreid bug pheromones as effective novel multifunctional semiochemical-based tools for sustainable legume pest management and production without insecticide use.
期刊介绍：
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is an international, interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed forum for the advancement and application to all fields of agriculture of modern chemical, biochemical and molecular technologies. The scope of this journal includes chemical and biochemical processes aimed to increase sustainable agricultural and food production, the evaluation of quality and origin of raw primary products and their transformation into foods and chemicals, as well as environmental monitoring and remediation. Of special interest are the effects of chemical and biochemical technologies, also at the nano and supramolecular scale, on the relationships between soil, plants, microorganisms and their environment, with the help of modern bioinformatics. Another special focus is the use of modern bioorganic and biological chemistry to develop new technologies for plant nutrition and bio-stimulation, advancement of biorefineries from biomasses, safe and traceable food products, carbon storage in soil and plants and restoration of contaminated soils to agriculture.
This journal presents the first opportunity to bring together researchers from a wide number of disciplines within the agricultural chemical and biological sciences, from both industry and academia. The principle aim of Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is to allow the exchange of the most advanced chemical and biochemical knowledge to develop technologies which address one of the most pressing challenges of our times - sustaining a growing world population.
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture publishes original research articles, short letters and invited reviews. Articles from scientists in industry, academia as well as private research institutes, non-governmental and environmental organizations are encouraged.
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