Challenges ahead: Exploring external barriers to self-determination in individuals with intellectual disabilities

The extent to which individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) can exercise self-determination in their adult lives is largely influenced by various contextual factors, including their family environment, the institutions they interact with, and the legal and social conditions in which they function. In this study, we aimed to explore the lived experiences of people with ID in the context of the environmental challenges they face on the path to self-determination. To achieve this goal, we conducted an inclusive study involving co-researchers with ID. Thirty-three adults with mild to severe ID participated in focus groups or individual interviews. Using reflexive thematic analysis, we generated four superordinate themes: microsystemic factors that impact self-determination; Exosystemic factors that impact self-determination; macrosystemic factors that impact self-determination; and consequences. The implications for practice are discussed.