IF 2.4 3区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES
Hippocampus Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI:10.1002/hipo.23666
Edmund T. Rolls
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文介绍了有关海马的两个重要系列发现。其一是发现了灵长类动物的海马空间视图细胞。这一发现为我们更好地理解人类的外显记忆开辟了道路,因为外显记忆的原型涉及对在 "外面 "的地点看到的人、物或奖励的记忆,而这些记忆永远不可能由编码大鼠或小鼠位置的位置细胞来实现。此外,空间视图细胞对于利用视觉和所看到的地标进行导航也很有价值,与生活在黑暗地下隧道中的大鼠和小鼠进行的从地点到地点的自我运动更新相比,空间视图细胞提供了更丰富的、基于视觉的导航。因此,空间视图细胞为我们理解海马体在人类和其他具有发达远景视觉的灵长类动物的记忆和导航功能方面带来了一场革命。第二个发现描述了海马-新皮质记忆系统的计算理论,其中包括信息如何从海马到新皮质的唯一定量理论。这项研究的基础是在灵长类动物眶额叶皮层中发现食物奖赏神经元和非奖赏神经元,以及在人类眶额叶皮层中发现包括货币价值在内的价值表征;在灵长类动物下颞视觉皮层中发现脸部特征和脸部表情细胞,以及它们如何表征变换不变信息。这项研究说明,要理解大脑的计算,需要一系列综合的跨学科发现,以建立每个神经系统的运行理论。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Hippocampal Discoveries: Spatial View Cells, Connectivity, and Computations for Memory and Navigation, in Primates Including Humans

Hippocampal Discoveries: Spatial View Cells, Connectivity, and Computations for Memory and Navigation, in Primates Including Humans

Two key series of discoveries about the hippocampus are described. One is the discovery of hippocampal spatial view cells in primates. This discovery opens the way to a much better understanding of human episodic memory, for episodic memory prototypically involves a memory of where people or objects or rewards have been seen in locations “out there” which could never be implemented by the place cells that encode the location of a rat or mouse. Further, spatial view cells are valuable for navigation using vision and viewed landmarks, and provide for much richer, vision-based, navigation than the place to place self-motion update performed by rats and mice who live in dark underground tunnels. Spatial view cells thus offer a revolution in our understanding of the functions of the hippocampus in memory and navigation in humans and other primates with well-developed foveate vision. The second discovery describes a computational theory of the hippocampal-neocortical memory system that includes the only quantitative theory of how information is recalled from the hippocampus to the neocortex. It is shown how foundations for this research were the discovery of reward neurons for food reward, and non-reward, in the primate orbitofrontal cortex, and representations of value including of monetary value in the human orbitofrontal cortex; and the discovery of face identity and face expression cells in the primate inferior temporal visual cortex and how they represent transform-invariant information. This research illustrates how in order to understand a brain computation, a whole series of integrated interdisciplinary discoveries is needed to build a theory of the operation of each neural system.

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来源期刊
Hippocampus
Hippocampus 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
5.70%
发文量
79
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Hippocampus provides a forum for the exchange of current information between investigators interested in the neurobiology of the hippocampal formation and related structures. While the relationships of submitted papers to the hippocampal formation will be evaluated liberally, the substance of appropriate papers should deal with the hippocampal formation per se or with the interaction between the hippocampal formation and other brain regions. The scope of Hippocampus is wide: single and multidisciplinary experimental studies from all fields of basic science, theoretical papers, papers dealing with hippocampal preparations as models for understanding the central nervous system, and clinical studies will be considered for publication. The Editor especially encourages the submission of papers that contribute to a functional understanding of the hippocampal formation.
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