Analysis of recurrence factors after radical mandibular resection for ameloblastoma.

Background: To analyze causes of recurrence following radical mandibular resection of ameloblastoma, and to propose surgical variation.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients treated for ameloblastoma from 2012 to 2024, specifically those who underwent radical mandibular resection followed by reconstruction with autologous bone flaps, focusing on cases of recurrence.

Results: Six patients were included in the study, all with primary tumors located in the mandible. Recurrence occurred 5 to 23 years post-surgery. Two patients had recurrence within the residual mandible due to insufficient margins, necessitating further resection and reconstructed with bone flaps Three patients had recurrences associated with residual tumor cells in the soft tissue, which affected the grafted bone: two required extensive resection and additional bone flap reconstruction, while one had a limited recurrence that was managed by soft tissue excision. Additionally, one patient had an isolated soft tissue recurrence that was addressed through resection.

Conclusion: Adequate resection margins are vital to minimizing recurrence risk. Invasive procedures should be avoided to prevent tumor spread, and thorough excision of affected areas during surgery is essential.