{"title":"超扫描:从脑间耦合到因果关系。","authors":"Andrey Markus, Simone G Shamay-Tsoory","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1497034","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In hyperscanning studies, participants perform a joint task while their brain activation is simultaneously recorded. Evidence of inter-brain coupling is examined, in these studies, as a predictor of behavioral change. While the field of hyperscanning has made significant strides in unraveling the associations between inter-brain coupling and changes in social interactions, drawing causal conclusions between brain and behavior remains challenging. This difficulty arises from factors like the inherently different timescales of behavioral responses and measured cerebral activity, as well as the predominant focus of existing methods on associations rather than causality. Specifically, a question remains as to whether inter-brain coupling between specific brain regions leads to changes in behavioral synchrony, or vice-versa. We propose two novel approaches to addressing this question. The first method involves using dyadic neurofeedback, wherein instances of inter-brain coupling are directly reinforced. Such a system could examine if continuous changes of inter-brain coupling are the result of deliberate mutual attempts to synchronize. The second method employs statistical approaches, including Granger causality and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Granger causality assesses the predictive influence of one time series on another, enabling the identification of directional neural interactions that drive behavior. SEM allows for detailed modeling of both direct and indirect effects of inter-brain coupling on behavior. We provide an example of data analysis with the SEM approach, discuss the advantages and limitations of each approach and posit that applying these approaches could provide significant insights into how inter-brain coupling supports crucial processes that occur in social interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1497034"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11599244/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Hyperscanning: from inter-brain coupling to causality.\",\"authors\":\"Andrey Markus, Simone G Shamay-Tsoory\",\"doi\":\"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1497034\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>In hyperscanning studies, participants perform a joint task while their brain activation is simultaneously recorded. 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Such a system could examine if continuous changes of inter-brain coupling are the result of deliberate mutual attempts to synchronize. The second method employs statistical approaches, including Granger causality and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Granger causality assesses the predictive influence of one time series on another, enabling the identification of directional neural interactions that drive behavior. SEM allows for detailed modeling of both direct and indirect effects of inter-brain coupling on behavior. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
在超扫描研究中,参与者在执行一项联合任务时,他们的大脑激活会被同时记录下来。在这些研究中,脑间耦合的证据被视为行为变化的预测因素。虽然超扫描领域在揭示脑间耦合与社会互动变化之间的联系方面取得了长足进步,但要在大脑和行为之间得出因果结论仍然具有挑战性。造成这种困难的因素包括:行为反应和测量到的大脑活动之间存在固有的时间尺度差异,以及现有方法主要侧重于关联性而非因果性。具体来说,特定脑区之间的脑间耦合是否会导致行为同步性的变化,或者反之亦然,这仍然是一个问题。我们提出了两种解决这一问题的新方法。第一种方法是使用双向神经反馈,直接强化脑间耦合的实例。这种系统可以检验脑间耦合的持续变化是否是双方有意尝试同步的结果。第二种方法采用统计方法,包括格兰杰因果关系和结构方程模型(SEM)。格兰杰因果关系评估一个时间序列对另一个时间序列的预测影响,从而确定驱动行为的定向神经相互作用。SEM 可以对大脑间耦合对行为的直接和间接影响进行详细建模。我们提供了一个使用 SEM 方法进行数据分析的实例,讨论了每种方法的优势和局限性,并认为应用这些方法可以深入了解脑间耦合是如何支持社会互动中发生的关键过程的。
Hyperscanning: from inter-brain coupling to causality.
In hyperscanning studies, participants perform a joint task while their brain activation is simultaneously recorded. Evidence of inter-brain coupling is examined, in these studies, as a predictor of behavioral change. While the field of hyperscanning has made significant strides in unraveling the associations between inter-brain coupling and changes in social interactions, drawing causal conclusions between brain and behavior remains challenging. This difficulty arises from factors like the inherently different timescales of behavioral responses and measured cerebral activity, as well as the predominant focus of existing methods on associations rather than causality. Specifically, a question remains as to whether inter-brain coupling between specific brain regions leads to changes in behavioral synchrony, or vice-versa. We propose two novel approaches to addressing this question. The first method involves using dyadic neurofeedback, wherein instances of inter-brain coupling are directly reinforced. Such a system could examine if continuous changes of inter-brain coupling are the result of deliberate mutual attempts to synchronize. The second method employs statistical approaches, including Granger causality and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Granger causality assesses the predictive influence of one time series on another, enabling the identification of directional neural interactions that drive behavior. SEM allows for detailed modeling of both direct and indirect effects of inter-brain coupling on behavior. We provide an example of data analysis with the SEM approach, discuss the advantages and limitations of each approach and posit that applying these approaches could provide significant insights into how inter-brain coupling supports crucial processes that occur in social interactions.
期刊介绍:
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience is a first-tier electronic journal devoted to understanding the brain mechanisms supporting cognitive and social behavior in humans, and how these mechanisms might be altered in disease states. The last 25 years have seen an explosive growth in both the methods and the theoretical constructs available to study the human brain. Advances in electrophysiological, neuroimaging, neuropsychological, psychophysical, neuropharmacological and computational approaches have provided key insights into the mechanisms of a broad range of human behaviors in both health and disease. Work in human neuroscience ranges from the cognitive domain, including areas such as memory, attention, language and perception to the social domain, with this last subject addressing topics, such as interpersonal interactions, social discourse and emotional regulation. How these processes unfold during development, mature in adulthood and often decline in aging, and how they are altered in a host of developmental, neurological and psychiatric disorders, has become increasingly amenable to human neuroscience research approaches. Work in human neuroscience has influenced many areas of inquiry ranging from social and cognitive psychology to economics, law and public policy. Accordingly, our journal will provide a forum for human research spanning all areas of human cognitive, social, developmental and translational neuroscience using any research approach.