A low-carbon driven price approach for energy transactions of multi-microgrids based on non-cooperative game model considering uncertainties

Under the requirement of improving energy utilization of the grid and the dual-carbon background, balancing the economic and environmental benefits of microgrids (MG) in the competition market has great research significance. To provide reasonable price signals for energy sharing among stakeholders, we propose a new low-carbon driven energy-sharing pricing mechanism based on supply and demand information. The mechanism can incentivize MG to actively participate in non-cooperative games for energy sharing. Specifically, on the one hand, the virtual energy sharing centre (VESC) generates price signals by analysing and integrating the supply-demand information of MG, and then releases them to each MG. On the other hand, each MG receives the latest price signals and accordingly optimizes its own operation. For each MG, a two-stage robust optimization (TSRO) model that considers the uncertainties of the source-load and aims at the economy and environmental friendliness of the MG is established. For the multi-microgrid system, a low-carbon driven energy sharing mechanism is proposed by introducing a low-carbon indicator. Finally, the alternating optimization procedure-looped CCG algorithm (AOP-Looped CCG) is adopted to solve the model effectively. The numerical examples validate that the energy complementarity is promoted and comprehensive benefits are enhanced of the proposed mechanism.