Exhaustive search for novel multicomponent alloys with brute force and machine learning

We present an algorithm for the high-throughput computational discovery of intermetallic compounds in systems with a large number of components. It is particularly important for high entropy alloys (HEAs), where multiple principal elements can form numerous potential intermetallic compounds during the condensation process, making it challenging to predict the dominant phase. Our algorithm is based on a brute-force evaluation of candidate structures with a fixed underlying lattice (FCC or BCC) accelerated by machine-learning interatomic potentials. The algorithm takes a set of chemical elements and a crystal lattice type as inputs and produces structures on and near the convex hull of thermodynamically stable structures. The candidate structures are evaluated using the low-rank potential (LRP), trained to reproduce energies of structures equilibrated with density functional theory (DFT). Thanks to extreme computational effectiveness of the LRP, it is feasible to evaluate hundreds of thousands of structures per second, per CPU core. Thus, our algorithm screens a complete set of candidate structures for a given system without missing any configurations. We validated our method on systems with BCC (Nb-W, Nb-Mo-W, V-Nb-Mo-Ta-W) and FCC (Cu-Pt, Cu-Pd-Pt, Cu-Pd-Ag-Pt-Au) lattices and discovered 268 new alloys not reported in the AFLOW database¹, which we used as a benchmark.