Robust image encryption algorithm based on oscillated substitution and effective confusion module with novel chaining permutation and pixel mutation

To ensure secure network transmission of multimedia content, it is crucial to protect it from unauthorized access. Encryption techniques are de facto protection techniques against hacking attempts. Different methods, including mathematical encoding, neural networks, DNA encoding, and chaos-based techniques, have been developed for this purpose. However, these methods often overlook the impact of input variations, which can enhance encryption robustness by amplifying confusion. We propose an encryption technique that demonstrates how effectively leveraging input variations can enhance the complexity and security of encrypted information. We designed an oscillated substitution technique, a multi-state method that adjusts the substitution pattern based on changes in the key or input. Additionally, chaotic methods are employed to generate noise codes for bit mutation and chaining-based permutation. Experimental results indicate that our technique significantly improves security indicators and outperforms recent encryption methods.