Clinical insights into the immunomodulatory effects of food-derived peptides

The interaction between diet and the immune system has garnered considerable attention, especially regarding the immunomodulatory effects of food-derived peptides. These peptides, derived from dietary proteins, exhibit diverse mechanisms of action, influencing cytokine production, immune cell function, and gut barrier integrity. Although there are numerous in vitro and animal studies supporting its therapeutic potential in immune-related diseases, clinical relevance requires further investigation. This review synthesizes current knowledge on food-derived peptides as immunomodulators, highlighting clinical insights and discussing challenges in their application. Additionally, it expands beyond peptides to encompass various dietary compounds influencing immune function. By integrating structural and functional diversity, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of how nutrition shapes immune responses, offering insights for personalized health strategies.