对恶心与恐惧图像的强化记忆是否会延伸至非自主记忆?

IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL
Lucy A Matson, Ella K Moeck, Melanie K T Takarangi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人们对恶心刺激的记忆好于对恐惧刺激的记忆,但恶心的记忆增强效应是否会延伸到非自主记忆?这个问题非常重要,因为恶心反应发生在创伤之后,而与创伤相关的非自主记忆是创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状的标志。在两项实验中,我们在注意力监测任务中向参与者(实验 1:88 人;实验 2:106 人)展示了恶心、恐惧和中性图像。然后,参与者完成一项无要求的警觉性任务,在不由自主地想到某个图像时做出反应。我们测量了这些非自主记忆的频率和特征(如情绪强度),这些记忆是在编码后立即出现的,并且经过了 24 小时的延迟(仅实验 2)。我们的主要发现有好有坏:参与者体验到的恶心非自主记忆与恐惧非自主记忆的频率相似(实验 2)或更多(实验 1)。因此,在控制了增强记忆的干扰因素(如独特性)后,实验中恶心记忆的增强并没有延伸到非自主记忆中。在 24 小时的延迟时间内,恶心记忆比恐惧记忆的情绪强度更大,但在编码后并没有立即表现出来,这表明恶心记忆比恐惧记忆引起了额外的巩固过程。参与者对恶心图像的注意力更强,但注意力并不能解释恶心记忆。总之,恶心和恐惧既有相似的认知效应,也有不同的认知效应。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Does enhanced memory of disgust vs. fear images extend to involuntary memory?

People remember disgusting stimuli better than fearful stimuli, but do disgust's memory-enhancing effects extend to involuntary memory? This question is important because disgust reactions occur following trauma, and trauma-related involuntary memories are a hallmark of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms. In two experiments, we presented participants (n = 88 Experiment 1; n = 106 Experiment 2) with disgust, fear, and neutral images during an attention-monitoring task. Participants then completed an undemanding vigilance task, responding any time an image involuntarily came to mind. We measured the frequency and characteristics of these involuntary memories (e.g. emotional intensity) immediately after encoding and over a 24-hour delay (Experiment 2 only). Our main findings were mixed: participants experienced similarly frequent (Experiment 2) - or more (Experiment 1) - disgust as fear involuntary memories. Therefore, when controlling for memory-enhancing confounds (e.g. distinctiveness), in-laboratory disgust memory enhancement does not extend to involuntary memory. Disgust memories were more emotionally intense than fear memories over the 24-hour delay- but not immediately after encoding - suggesting disgust elicits additional consolidation processes to fear. Participants paid more attention towards the disgust images, but the attention did not account for the memory of disgust. In sum, disgust and fear have both similar and distinct cognitive effects.

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来源期刊
Cognition & Emotion
Cognition & Emotion PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL-
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
7.70%
发文量
90
期刊介绍: Cognition & Emotion is devoted to the study of emotion, especially to those aspects of emotion related to cognitive processes. The journal aims to bring together work on emotion undertaken by researchers in cognitive, social, clinical, and developmental psychology, neuropsychology, and cognitive science. Examples of topics appropriate for the journal include the role of cognitive processes in emotion elicitation, regulation, and expression; the impact of emotion on attention, memory, learning, motivation, judgements, and decisions.
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