Precision Airflow Control via EHD Actuator: A Co-Simulation and Control Design Case Study

A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuator for controlling airflow is proposed. It consists of diverging and converging nozzles, two concentric cylinders, and an actuator mounted in between the two cylinders. The actuator employs electrohydrodynamic (EHD) body force to induce an air jet within the air gap between the two cylinders, effectively creating a suction area while passing through the diverging nozzle, due to the Coanda effect. While merging with the air stream inside the inner cylinder, the Coanda jet effectively enhances the amplification of the airflow. The outflow rate is measured by a velocity sensor at the outlet and controlled by the plasma actuator. The control strategy is based on the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) and compared to the baseline PID controller. The actuator was modeled by seamlessly linking two modeling platforms for a co-simulation study. The computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation of the plasma and airflow was carried out in the COMSOL multiphysics commercial software, and the control was implemented in Simulink. The DBD plasma model was based on the two-species model of discharge, and the electric body force, calculated from the plasma simulation, was used in the Navier-Stokes equation (NS) for the turbulent flow simulation using $k-\omega $ model. The plasma-airflow system was analyzed using the input (the actuator voltage) and output (the outlet flow rate) data for the control design. Finally, the performance of the system of airflow control device was tested and discussed in the co-simulation process.