以团队为中心的 IDAC:复杂系统中操作人员的建模和仿真 - 第 1 部分:团队模型和基本原理

IF 9.4 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL
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引用次数: 0

摘要

核电站等高度复杂系统的运行通常需要训练有素的专业运行团队。与团队合作相关的因素,如无效的沟通和协调,可能是导致事故和不安全行为的重要因素。在核电站等高风险环境中,机组人员的互动对团队效率的影响,进而对整个系统的影响,尚未得到全面和定量的探讨。由于团队是一个互动的社会系统,因此必须从 "团队视角"--基于团队动力和流程--来研究和评估团队的具体问题。本文是两篇系列论文的一部分,介绍了基于模拟的核电厂控制室运行团队模型。本文的第 1 部分介绍了该模型的理论基础并详细说明了其要素。随附论文介绍了模拟方面的内容,以及该方法在四回路蒸汽发生器给水系统管道破裂事故中的全面应用。提出的模型基于 IDAC(船员背景下的信息、决策和行动)认知模型框架。由此产生的模型,即以团队为中心的 IDAC(Tc-IDAC),通过团队错误管理的特定模块来检查团队活动 "协作信息收集"、"共享决策制定 "和 "分布式行动执行"。这些模块包括错误检测、错误指示和纠错以及团队绩效影响因素。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Team-centered IDAC: Modeling and simulation of operating crew in complex systems – Part 1: Team model and fundamentals
Operation of highly complex systems such as Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) generally require highly trained professional operating teams. Factors associated with teamwork, such as ineffective communication and coordination, can be important contributing factors to accidents and unsafe behavior. The impact of crew interactions on team effectiveness and, consequently, on the entire system, has not been fully and quantitatively explored in high-risk environments such as NPPs. Since a team is an interactive social system, team-specific issues must be studied and evaluated from a “team perspective”—based on team dynamics and processes. This paper is part of a two-papers series that presents a simulation-based Team Model for NPP control room operations. The current paper, Part 1, describes the theoretical fundaments of the model and details its elements. The accompanying paper describes the simulation aspects, and a full application of the method to a pipe break accident in a four- four-loop steam generator feedwater system. The proposed model is based on the IDAC (Information, Decision, and Action in Crew context) cognitive model framework. The resulting model, Team-centered IDAC (Tc-IDAC), examines the team activities “Collaborative information collection,” “Shared decision making,” and “Distributed action execution” through specific modules for Team Error Management. These modules include error detection, error indication and error correction, and team performance shaping factors.
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来源期刊
Reliability Engineering & System Safety
Reliability Engineering & System Safety 管理科学-工程:工业
CiteScore
15.20
自引率
39.50%
发文量
621
审稿时长
67 days
期刊介绍: Elsevier publishes Reliability Engineering & System Safety in association with the European Safety and Reliability Association and the Safety Engineering and Risk Analysis Division. The international journal is devoted to developing and applying methods to enhance the safety and reliability of complex technological systems, like nuclear power plants, chemical plants, hazardous waste facilities, space systems, offshore and maritime systems, transportation systems, constructed infrastructure, and manufacturing plants. The journal normally publishes only articles that involve the analysis of substantive problems related to the reliability of complex systems or present techniques and/or theoretical results that have a discernable relationship to the solution of such problems. An important aim is to balance academic material and practical applications.
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