Edward J Calabrese, Peter Pressman, A Wallace Hayes, Linda Baldwin, Evgenios Agathokleous, Gaurav Dhawan, Rachna Kapoor, Vittorio Calabrese
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Caffeic Acid: Numerous Chemoprotective Effects are Mediated via Hormesis.
Caffeic acid is a common phenolic acid found in coffee and numerous fruits and vegetables. Known for its antioxidant properties, it is widely used as a dietary supplement as part of a polyphenol mixture or as an extract in the form of a capsule or powder. It is also available in liquid form as a homeopathic supplement. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an active component of propolis produced by honey bees. Propolis extract is used as a supplement and is available in various forms. The present paper is a comprehensive review of the biomedical literature, showing that caffeic acid effects are hormetic and occur in numerous biological models and cell types for a broad range of endpoints including many aging-related processes. Hormesis is a biphasic dose/concentration response displaying a low concentration/dose stimulation and a high concentration/dose inhibition. Complex alternative search strategies for caffeic acid were used since publications rarely used the terms hormesis or hormetic. Evaluation of the data provides the first assessment of caffeic acid-induced hormetic concentration/dose responses and their quantitative features. Their mechanistic foundations, extrapolative strengths/limitations, and their biomedical, clinical, and public health implications are discussed. Suggestions for future research are presented.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Dietary Supplements (formerly the Journal of Nutraceuticals, Functional & Medical Foods) has been retitled to reflect the bold departure from a traditional scientific journal presentation to a leading voice for anyone with a stake in dietary supplements. The journal addresses important issues that meet the broad range of interests from researchers, regulators, marketers, educators, and health professionals from academic, governmental, industry, healthcare, public health, and consumer education sectors. This vital tool not only presents scientific information but interprets it - helping you more readily pass it on to your students, patients, clients, or company.