Research progress on the nano-delivery systems of food-derived bioactive components

Food-derived bioactive components (BC) are celebrated for their health-enhancing properties, but their application was limited in terms of the low solubility, weak stability, and poor bioavailability. To overcome these challenges, various nano-delivery systems have been developed and extensively investigated. This review focused on the most prominent nano-delivery systems, such as nanoparticles have emerged as versatile carriers, allowing for improved solubility and controlled release of BC. Nano-emulsions offer enhanced bioavailability and stability, particularly for lipophilic BC. Liposomes, with their cell-membrane-like structure, facilitate efficient intracellular delivery. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers provide options for controlled release and protection against environmental factors. Additionally, various novel nano-delivery systems have been designed to cater to specific ingredient and application requirements. This review highlighted their advantages, challenges, and recent breakthroughs. The intricate interplay between nano-carrier properties and BC characteristics was elucidated, offering valuable insights for the development of functional foods with enhanced health benefits.