Assessment of the Effectiveness of Probiotics-assisted Physical Interventions in the Management of Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Live micro-ecological agents, such as probiotics, have demonstrated a significant role in the preservation of human health, encompassing oral health maintenance and regulation of oral microbiota. Here, a total of 20 patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were recruited and randomly assigned into two cohorts based on completion of physiotherapy: a placebo group (n = 10) and a probiotic group (n = 10). The actual efficacy was assessed by administering chewable tablets (5 × 10⁹ CFU/tablet) containing the probiotics Lactobacillus salivarius LS97, Lactobacillus paracasei LC86, and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA85 to patients with chronic periodontitis. For the placebo group, chewable tablets without probiotics were administered, while maintaining consistency with the rest of the ingredients used in the probiotic group. Saliva and plaque samples were collected at different time points (0, 1, and 3 months) and subjected to 16S amplicon sequencing for microbial structure analysis. Salivary IgA content was determined using enzyme immunoassay, whereas clinical chronic periodontal pocket depth (PD) and bleeding on probe index (BOP +) were employed to evaluate the actual efficacy of probiotic-assisted physiological intervention in chronic periodontitis treatment. Compared to the placebo group, the probiotic intervention resulted in a significant increase in salivary IgA levels among patients, accompanied by a notable decrease in PD and BOP + levels. Furthermore, the probiotic intervention led to a substantial reduction in Fusobacterium and Porphyromonas counts, while significantly increasing Lactobacillus abundance within the dental plaque microbiota of patients. Importantly, no significant alterations were observed in the overall structure of both salivary and dental plaque microbiota following the probiotic intervention. The administration of this live probiotic agent consistently and significantly enhances the oral immune response in patients with chronic periodontitis, thereby augmenting the effectiveness of physical interventions for this condition. Moreover, it effectively reduces the abundance of pathogenic microbes associated with chronic periodontitis without causing substantial alterations to the salivary and dental plaque microbiota composition. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) ( https://www.chictr.org.cn ) under the registration number ChiCTR2300074108.