Risk and economic balance optimization model of power system flexible resource implementing ladder-type carbon trading mechanism

Vigorously developing new energy (NE) is an important measure to deal with energy crisis and environmental deterioration. However, the high proportion of NE connected to the grid in the future will lead to an imbalance between supply and demand for the flexibility of the power system. This study constructs a flexible resource (FR) risk economic balance optimization model. Firstly, a quantitative mathematical model of supply and demand of FR is established. Then, the ladder-type carbon trading mechanism is designed, which reduces the carbon emission of flexible thermal power (FTP) by 553.96 t, or 0.25 %, and reduces the carbon emission cost of ¥546,933.08, or 10.5 %. The carbon emission cost of supply side FRs is allocated to each load. Secondly, conditional value at risk (CVaR) is integrated into the objective function to measure the risk loss caused by insufficient flexibility of the system. Finally, to minimize the total operation costs, we design start-stop plan, output power, and regulation rate for the FTP, energy storage system (ESS), and pumped storage (PS); to maximize the customer satisfaction of electricity consumption, we design the peak-valley time-of-use (TOU) price of shifted load (SL) and cut load (CL), and design the total constraint of demand response (DR). Simulation on a typical day shows that: (1) The proposed model can realize low-carbon optimization of FR while considering both economic and risk, and improve scheduling executability and customer satisfaction of electricity consumption; (2) Different types of FRs can be coupled together to reduce system operation costs and carbon emissions.