Effect of concentrated growth factor on wound healing, side effects, and postoperative complications following third molar surgery

Background

Third molar surgery often results in postoperative complications such as pain, trismus, and facial swelling due to surgical trauma. Concentrated Growth Factor (CGF), a third-generation platelet concentrate, is believed to enhance wound healing due to its rich content of growth factors and fibrin.

Methods

This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and included a search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to April 18, 2024. Randomized controlled trials involving CGF-treated versus non-CGF-treated patients undergoing third molar surgery were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration RoB 2.0.

Results

Ten studies were included. CGF significantly improved wound healing, with enhanced soft and hard tissue recovery. Pain relief was notable on postoperative days 3 and 7, although results varied. CGF reduced facial swelling significantly on days 3 and 7 post-surgery. Trismus outcomes were mixed, with some studies reporting significant alleviation and others showing no advantage. CGF showed potential in reducing dry socket incidence, though evidence was not robust.

Conclusions

CGF appears to promote wound healing and reduce postoperative complications such as pain and swelling after third molar surgery. However, its effects on trismus and dry socket incidence remain controversial. Further research with standardized measures is needed to confirm these findings.