High-performance solid-phase microextraction based on a nanocomposite sorbent of MOF/COF hybrid for ultra-trace analysis of trifluralin in food samples using the ion mobility spectrometer

Two well-known porous hybrid materials, a metal-organic framework (MOF) based on manganese and a melamine-rich covalent organic framework (COF) were combined, resulting in a highly effective nanocomposite sorbent of Mn-terephthalic acid (TA) /COF. After investigating the properties of the synthesized adsorbent, it was finally used as a new fiber for solid-phase microextraction. The method, named high-performance solid-phase microextraction (HPSPME), was utilized for the extraction and ultra-trace analysis of trifluralin in agricultural waters, fruit, and vegetable samples by using corona discharge ionization-ion mobility spectrometer (CD-IMS). To increase the extraction efficiency, experimental parameters including, temperature and time of extraction and desorption, solution pH, and stirring rate were optimized. Considering the optimized conditions, the enrichment factor of 2002, the limit of detection (LOD) 0.08 ng mL⁻¹ (S/N=3), and linear dynamic range (LDR) 0.25–10.00 ng mL⁻¹ with a coefficient of determination (R²=0.9987) were obtained. Relative standard deviations (RSDs, n = 3) of <9.7, <3.5, and <8.9 % were obtained, respectively, for reproducibility of the prepared fibers, intra- and inter-day. The relative recovery values for the real samples were 84–124 %. The proposed method’s accuracy for the sample impregnated with trifluralin was also evaluated by the EPA standard method.