Dynamic activity changes in transcription factors: Unlocking the mechanisms regulating physiological changes in the brain.

Transcription factors (TFs) regulate the establishment and modulation of the transcriptome within cells, thereby playing a crucial role in various aspects of cellular physiology throughout the body. Quantitative measurement of TF activity during the development, function, and dysfunction of the brain is essential for gaining a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing gene expression during these processes. Due to their role as regulators of gene expression, assessing and modulating detailed TF activity contributes to the development of practical methods to intervene in these processes, potentially offering more efficient treatments for diseases. Recent methodologies have revealed that TF activity is dynamically regulated within cells and organisms, including the adult brain. This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of TF activities and the methodologies used to assess them, emphasizing their importance in both fundamental research and clinical applications.