膳食纤维来源和直接饲喂微生物补充剂对高产奶牛泌乳性能和采食行为的影响

IF 3.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
M.R. Pupo, E.C. Diepersloot, C. Heinzen Jr., L.F. Ferraretto
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究旨在评估膳食纤维来源和直接饲喂微生物补充剂对高产奶牛泌乳性能和饲喂行为的影响。64头多胎荷斯坦奶牛(3.5 ± 1.6个泌乳期;76 ± 22 DIM,协变期开始时体重为735 ± 67千克)和32名门式饲喂员参加了一项采用完全随机设计和2 × 2因子排列的研究。奶牛和门式饲喂器被随机分配到不同的处理中(每个处理有 16 头奶牛和 8 个门式饲喂器)。奶牛有 1 周的时间适应门式饲喂,然后是 2 周的协变量期。在适应期和共变期,所有奶牛饲喂相同的日粮,以满足或超过营养需求。协变量期结束后,奶牛进入为期 8 周的处理期,在此期间,奶牛被随机分配到 4 个处理中的 1 个,这 4 个处理包括在日粮中添加草料、45.8%(LF)或 56.7% (HF)的DM,并补充75 mL/hd/d的直接饲喂微生物(DFM),其中包含草药提取物(锦葵、薄荷和鼠尾草)、植物乳杆菌、布氏乳杆菌、酿酒酵母和甘蔗糖蜜(Valibiom Mix,Valibiotics,Traiskirchen,Austria),或不补充(CON)。每个变量的协变量期平均值被用作协变量。干物质摄入量和饲料效率之间存在三方交互作用。在处理期的第 2、3、5 和 8 周,LF-DFM 的干物质摄入量比 HF-CON 和 HF-DFM 高 2 至 3 千克。LF 日粮的产奶量比 HF 日粮高 2.1 千克/天。HF日粮的乳脂和MUN浓度均高于LF日粮。相反,HF 日粮的乳蛋白浓度低于 LF 日粮。早晨测量的呼吸速率在添加 DFM 后低于 CON。早晨测量的直肠温度和一天的平均温度,LF 日粮高于 HF 日粮。在本研究的条件下,根据购买饲料的价格,饲喂高饲草日粮可能是生产者降低饲养成本的一种替代方法。然而,当生产者面临饲草短缺或饲草营养价值较低的挑战时,必须考虑非饲草纤维来源(如大豆壳)。此外,补充 DFM 会降低泌乳牛早晨的呼吸速率并影响其进食行为。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Dietary fiber source and direct-fed microbial supplementation effects on lactation performance and feeding behavior of high-producing dairy cows
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary fiber source and direct-fed microbial supplementation on lactation performance and feeding behavior of high-producing dairy cows. Sixty-four multiparous Holstein cows (3.5 ± 1.6 [SD] lactations; 76 ± 22 DIM and 735 ± 67 kg of BW at covariate period initiation) and 32 gate feeders were enrolled in a study with a completely randomized design and a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Cows and gate feeders were randomly assigned to treatments (16 cows and 8 gate feeds per treatment). Cows were allowed 1 wk to acclimate to feeding gates followed by a 2-wk covariate period. During the acclimation and covariate periods, all cows were fed the same diet to meet or exceed the nutrient requirements. Following the covariate period, cows were enrolled in a 8-wk treatment period during which cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments consisting of forage inclusion in the diet, either 45.8% (LF) or 56.7% (HF) of DM, and the supplementation of 75 mL/head per day of a direct-fed microbial (DFM) containing herbal extracts (mallow, mint, and sage), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lentilactobacillus buchneri, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and sugar cane molasses (Valibiom Mix, Valibiotics AG, Emmen, Switzerland) or without supplementation (CON). The average covariate period value of each variable was used as a covariate. Three-way interactions were observed for DMI and feed efficiency. Dry matter intake was 2 to 3 kg greater for LF-DFM than HF-CON and HF-DFM during wk 2, 3, 5, and 8 of the treatment period. Milk production was 2.1 kg/d greater for LF than HF diets. Both milk fat and MUN concentrations were greater for HF than LF diets. Conversely, milk protein concentration was lower for HF than LF diets. The respiration rate measured in the morning was lower with DFM supplementation than CON. Rectal temperature measured in the morning and averaged for the day were greater for LF than HF diets. Under the conditions of the present study, feeding high-forage diets may be an alternative for producers to reduce feeding costs depending on the price of purchased feeds. However, nonforage fiber sources (i.e., soy hulls) must be considered when producers are challenged by either forage shortages or forage with a lower nutritive value. Additionally, DFM supplementation reduced respiration rate in the morning and affected meal behavior of lactating cows.
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来源期刊
Journal of Dairy Science
Journal of Dairy Science 农林科学-奶制品与动物科学
CiteScore
7.90
自引率
17.10%
发文量
784
审稿时长
4.2 months
期刊介绍: The official journal of the American Dairy Science Association®, Journal of Dairy Science® (JDS) is the leading peer-reviewed general dairy research journal in the world. JDS readers represent education, industry, and government agencies in more than 70 countries with interests in biochemistry, breeding, economics, engineering, environment, food science, genetics, microbiology, nutrition, pathology, physiology, processing, public health, quality assurance, and sanitation.
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