Andreas Brink, Michail E Keramidas, Eddie Bergsten, Ola Eiken
{"title":"离心机中的空间定向训练对战斗机飞行员在飞行过程中在没有视觉参考的情况下评估倾角能力的影响。","authors":"Andreas Brink, Michail E Keramidas, Eddie Bergsten, Ola Eiken","doi":"10.1152/jn.00129.2024","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Without visual references, nonpilots exposed to coordinated flight turns underestimate the bank angle, because of discordant information of the roll-angular displacement from the otoliths, consistently signaling vertical position, versus the semicircular canals, enabling detection of the displacement. Pilots may also use their ability to perceive the G load and knowledge of the relation between load and angle to assess the bank angle. Our aim was to investigate whether the perception of bank angle can be improved by spatial orientation training in a centrifuge. Sixteen pilots/pilot students assessed their roll tilt, in complete darkness, during both real coordinated flight turns and gondola centrifugation, at roll tilts of 30° and 60°. The experiments were repeated after a 3-wk period, during which eight of the subjects performed nine training sessions in the centrifuge, comprising feedback on roll angle vs. G load, and on indicating requested angles. Before training, the subjects perceived in the aircraft and centrifuge, respectively: 37 (17)°, 38 (14)° during 60° turns and 19 (12)°, 20 (10)° during 30° turns. Training improved the perception of angle during the 60° [to 60 (7)°, 55 (10)°; <i>P</i> ≤ 0.04] but not the 30° [21 (10)°, 15 (9)°; <i>P</i> ≥ 0.30] turns; the improvement disappeared within 2 yr after training. Angle assessments did not change in the untrained group. The results suggest that it is possible to, in a centrifuge, train a pilot's ability to perceive large but not discrete-to-moderate roll-angular displacements. The transient training effect is attributable to improved capacity to perceive and translate G load into roll angle and/or to increased reliance on semicircular canal signals.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Spatial disorientation is a major problem in aviation. When performing coordinated flight turns without external visual cues (e.g., flying in clouds or darkness), the pilot underestimates the aircraft bank angle because the vestibular system provides unreliable information of roll tilt. The present study demonstrates that it is possible to, in a long-arm centrifuge, train a pilot's ability to perceive large but not discrete-to-moderate roll-angular displacements.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Influence of spatial orientation training in a centrifuge on the ability of fighter pilots to assess the bank angle during flight without visual references.\",\"authors\":\"Andreas Brink, Michail E Keramidas, Eddie Bergsten, Ola Eiken\",\"doi\":\"10.1152/jn.00129.2024\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Without visual references, nonpilots exposed to coordinated flight turns underestimate the bank angle, because of discordant information of the roll-angular displacement from the otoliths, consistently signaling vertical position, versus the semicircular canals, enabling detection of the displacement. Pilots may also use their ability to perceive the G load and knowledge of the relation between load and angle to assess the bank angle. Our aim was to investigate whether the perception of bank angle can be improved by spatial orientation training in a centrifuge. Sixteen pilots/pilot students assessed their roll tilt, in complete darkness, during both real coordinated flight turns and gondola centrifugation, at roll tilts of 30° and 60°. The experiments were repeated after a 3-wk period, during which eight of the subjects performed nine training sessions in the centrifuge, comprising feedback on roll angle vs. G load, and on indicating requested angles. Before training, the subjects perceived in the aircraft and centrifuge, respectively: 37 (17)°, 38 (14)° during 60° turns and 19 (12)°, 20 (10)° during 30° turns. Training improved the perception of angle during the 60° [to 60 (7)°, 55 (10)°; <i>P</i> ≤ 0.04] but not the 30° [21 (10)°, 15 (9)°; <i>P</i> ≥ 0.30] turns; the improvement disappeared within 2 yr after training. Angle assessments did not change in the untrained group. The results suggest that it is possible to, in a centrifuge, train a pilot's ability to perceive large but not discrete-to-moderate roll-angular displacements. The transient training effect is attributable to improved capacity to perceive and translate G load into roll angle and/or to increased reliance on semicircular canal signals.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Spatial disorientation is a major problem in aviation. When performing coordinated flight turns without external visual cues (e.g., flying in clouds or darkness), the pilot underestimates the aircraft bank angle because the vestibular system provides unreliable information of roll tilt. The present study demonstrates that it is possible to, in a long-arm centrifuge, train a pilot's ability to perceive large but not discrete-to-moderate roll-angular displacements.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":16563,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of neurophysiology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of neurophysiology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00129.2024\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2024/7/17 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"NEUROSCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of neurophysiology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00129.2024","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/7/17 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"NEUROSCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
在没有视觉参照物的情况下,非飞行员在协调飞行转弯时会低估倾角,这是因为来自耳石的滚动角位移信息与来自半圆管的滚动角位移信息不一致,耳石始终是垂直位置的信号,而半圆管能够检测到位移。飞行员还可以利用其感知 G 负载的能力以及对负载和角度之间关系的了解来评估倾角。我们的目的是研究是否可以通过在离心机中进行空间定向训练来提高对倾角的感知能力。16名飞行员/飞行员学员在完全黑暗的环境中,在30°和60°的滚转倾斜度下,在实际协调飞行转弯和吊船离心过程中评估了他们的滚转倾斜度。实验在 3 周后重复进行,在此期间,8 名受试者在离心机中进行了 9 次训练,包括滚转角度与 G 负载的反馈,以及所要求角度的指示。训练前,受试者在飞机和离心机中的感知角度分别为60°转弯时为37(17)°;38(14)°;30°转弯时为19(12)°;20(10)°。训练改善了60°转弯时的角度感知[达到60(7)°;55(10)°;p≤0.04],但没有改善30°转弯时的角度感知[21(10)°;15(9)°;p≥0.30];这种改善在训练后两年内消失。未训练组的角度评估没有变化。结果表明,可以在离心机中训练飞行员感知大的滚动角位移的能力,而不是离散到中等的滚动角位移的能力。瞬时训练效果可归因于感知G负荷并将其转化为滚动角的能力提高,以及/或对半圆孔信号的依赖性增强。
Influence of spatial orientation training in a centrifuge on the ability of fighter pilots to assess the bank angle during flight without visual references.
Without visual references, nonpilots exposed to coordinated flight turns underestimate the bank angle, because of discordant information of the roll-angular displacement from the otoliths, consistently signaling vertical position, versus the semicircular canals, enabling detection of the displacement. Pilots may also use their ability to perceive the G load and knowledge of the relation between load and angle to assess the bank angle. Our aim was to investigate whether the perception of bank angle can be improved by spatial orientation training in a centrifuge. Sixteen pilots/pilot students assessed their roll tilt, in complete darkness, during both real coordinated flight turns and gondola centrifugation, at roll tilts of 30° and 60°. The experiments were repeated after a 3-wk period, during which eight of the subjects performed nine training sessions in the centrifuge, comprising feedback on roll angle vs. G load, and on indicating requested angles. Before training, the subjects perceived in the aircraft and centrifuge, respectively: 37 (17)°, 38 (14)° during 60° turns and 19 (12)°, 20 (10)° during 30° turns. Training improved the perception of angle during the 60° [to 60 (7)°, 55 (10)°; P ≤ 0.04] but not the 30° [21 (10)°, 15 (9)°; P ≥ 0.30] turns; the improvement disappeared within 2 yr after training. Angle assessments did not change in the untrained group. The results suggest that it is possible to, in a centrifuge, train a pilot's ability to perceive large but not discrete-to-moderate roll-angular displacements. The transient training effect is attributable to improved capacity to perceive and translate G load into roll angle and/or to increased reliance on semicircular canal signals.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Spatial disorientation is a major problem in aviation. When performing coordinated flight turns without external visual cues (e.g., flying in clouds or darkness), the pilot underestimates the aircraft bank angle because the vestibular system provides unreliable information of roll tilt. The present study demonstrates that it is possible to, in a long-arm centrifuge, train a pilot's ability to perceive large but not discrete-to-moderate roll-angular displacements.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Neurophysiology publishes original articles on the function of the nervous system. All levels of function are included, from the membrane and cell to systems and behavior. Experimental approaches include molecular neurobiology, cell culture and slice preparations, membrane physiology, developmental neurobiology, functional neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, neuropharmacology, systems electrophysiology, imaging and mapping techniques, and behavioral analysis. Experimental preparations may be invertebrate or vertebrate species, including humans. Theoretical studies are acceptable if they are tied closely to the interpretation of experimental data and elucidate principles of broad interest.