{"title":"自恋在一生中的发展:纵向研究的元分析回顾。","authors":"Ulrich Orth, Samantha Krauss, Mitja D Back","doi":"10.1037/bul0000436","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This meta-analytic review investigated the development of narcissism across the life span, by synthesizing the available longitudinal data on mean-level change and rank-order stability. Three factors of narcissism were examined: agentic, antagonistic, and neurotic narcissism. Analyses were based on data from 51 samples, including 37,247 participants. As effect size measures, we used the standardized mean change d per year and test-retest correlations that were corrected for attenuation due to measurement error. The results suggested that narcissism typically decreases from age 8 to 77 years (i.e., the observed age range), with aggregated changes of d = -0.28 for agentic narcissism, d = -0.41 for antagonistic narcissism, and d = -0.55 for neurotic narcissism. Rank-order stability of narcissism was high, with average values of .73 (agentic), .68 (antagonistic), and .60 (neurotic), based on an average time lag of 11.42 years. Rank-order stability did not vary as a function of age. However, rank-order stability declined as a function of time lag, asymptotically approaching values of .62 (agentic), .52 (antagonistic), and .33 (neurotic) across long time lags. Moderator analyses indicated that the findings on mean-level change and rank-order stability held across gender and birth cohort. The meta-analytic data set included mostly Western and White/European samples, pointing to the need of conducting more research with non-Western and ethnically diverse samples. In sum, the findings suggest that agentic, antagonistic, and neurotic narcissism show normative declines across the life span and that individual differences in these factors are moderately (neurotic) to highly (agentic, antagonistic) stable over time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20854,"journal":{"name":"Psychological bulletin","volume":"150 6","pages":"643-665"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Development of narcissism across the life span: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal studies.\",\"authors\":\"Ulrich Orth, Samantha Krauss, Mitja D Back\",\"doi\":\"10.1037/bul0000436\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>This meta-analytic review investigated the development of narcissism across the life span, by synthesizing the available longitudinal data on mean-level change and rank-order stability. Three factors of narcissism were examined: agentic, antagonistic, and neurotic narcissism. Analyses were based on data from 51 samples, including 37,247 participants. As effect size measures, we used the standardized mean change d per year and test-retest correlations that were corrected for attenuation due to measurement error. The results suggested that narcissism typically decreases from age 8 to 77 years (i.e., the observed age range), with aggregated changes of d = -0.28 for agentic narcissism, d = -0.41 for antagonistic narcissism, and d = -0.55 for neurotic narcissism. Rank-order stability of narcissism was high, with average values of .73 (agentic), .68 (antagonistic), and .60 (neurotic), based on an average time lag of 11.42 years. Rank-order stability did not vary as a function of age. However, rank-order stability declined as a function of time lag, asymptotically approaching values of .62 (agentic), .52 (antagonistic), and .33 (neurotic) across long time lags. Moderator analyses indicated that the findings on mean-level change and rank-order stability held across gender and birth cohort. The meta-analytic data set included mostly Western and White/European samples, pointing to the need of conducting more research with non-Western and ethnically diverse samples. In sum, the findings suggest that agentic, antagonistic, and neurotic narcissism show normative declines across the life span and that individual differences in these factors are moderately (neurotic) to highly (agentic, antagonistic) stable over time. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
本荟萃分析综述通过综合有关平均水平变化和等级顺序稳定性的现有纵向数据,研究了自恋在整个生命周期中的发展。研究了自恋的三个因素:代理型自恋、对抗型自恋和神经质自恋。分析基于 51 个样本的数据,包括 37 247 名参与者。作为效果大小的衡量标准,我们使用了标准化的每年平均变化 d 和测试-再测试相关性,并对测量误差造成的衰减进行了校正。结果表明,自恋通常会在 8 岁到 77 岁(即观察到的年龄范围)之间下降,代理型自恋的总变化 d = -0.28,对抗型自恋的总变化 d = -0.41,神经型自恋的总变化 d = -0.55。根据 11.42 年的平均时滞,自恋的等级稳定性很高,平均值为 0.73(代理型)、0.68(对抗型)和 0.60(神经型)。等级顺序稳定性与年龄无关。然而,秩序稳定性随时间滞后而下降,在长时间滞后的情况下,秩序稳定性逐渐接近 0.62(积极型)、0.52(对抗型)和 0.33(神经型)的值。调节分析表明,关于平均水平变化和秩序稳定性的研究结果在不同性别和出生组群中都成立。元分析数据集主要包括西方和白/欧洲样本,这表明需要对非西方和不同种族的样本进行更多的研究。总之,研究结果表明,代理人自恋、对抗性自恋和神经质自恋在整个生命周期中呈现出正常的下降趋势,这些因素的个体差异随着时间的推移呈现出中度(神经质)到高度(代理人自恋、对抗性自恋)的稳定性。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
Development of narcissism across the life span: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal studies.
This meta-analytic review investigated the development of narcissism across the life span, by synthesizing the available longitudinal data on mean-level change and rank-order stability. Three factors of narcissism were examined: agentic, antagonistic, and neurotic narcissism. Analyses were based on data from 51 samples, including 37,247 participants. As effect size measures, we used the standardized mean change d per year and test-retest correlations that were corrected for attenuation due to measurement error. The results suggested that narcissism typically decreases from age 8 to 77 years (i.e., the observed age range), with aggregated changes of d = -0.28 for agentic narcissism, d = -0.41 for antagonistic narcissism, and d = -0.55 for neurotic narcissism. Rank-order stability of narcissism was high, with average values of .73 (agentic), .68 (antagonistic), and .60 (neurotic), based on an average time lag of 11.42 years. Rank-order stability did not vary as a function of age. However, rank-order stability declined as a function of time lag, asymptotically approaching values of .62 (agentic), .52 (antagonistic), and .33 (neurotic) across long time lags. Moderator analyses indicated that the findings on mean-level change and rank-order stability held across gender and birth cohort. The meta-analytic data set included mostly Western and White/European samples, pointing to the need of conducting more research with non-Western and ethnically diverse samples. In sum, the findings suggest that agentic, antagonistic, and neurotic narcissism show normative declines across the life span and that individual differences in these factors are moderately (neurotic) to highly (agentic, antagonistic) stable over time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
期刊介绍:
Psychological Bulletin publishes syntheses of research in scientific psychology. Research syntheses seek to summarize past research by drawing overall conclusions from many separate investigations that address related or identical hypotheses.
A research synthesis typically presents the authors' assessments:
-of the state of knowledge concerning the relations of interest;
-of critical assessments of the strengths and weaknesses in past research;
-of important issues that research has left unresolved, thereby directing future research so it can yield a maximum amount of new information.