顶层的性别薪酬差距：对西班牙上市公司的多层次分析

IF 7.5 2区管理学 Q1 BUSINESS

European Management Journal Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI:10.1016/j.emj.2024.06.004

C. José García, Begoña Herrero, Luis E. Vila

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引用次数: 0

摘要

性别薪酬差距，包括高层管理人员的薪酬差距，是一个与社会相关的问题；然而，它仍然存在争议。本研究探讨了 2012 年至 2021 年期间西班牙上市公司执行董事的性别薪酬分布情况。分析基于多层次回归。带有性别固定斜率的三层模型显示，在控制了随时间变化的个人和董事会/公司变量、随时间变化的公司特征以及观察年份后，女性董事相对于男性董事平均面临 45% 的薪酬惩罚。包含所有控制变量和性别随机斜率的三层模型显示，不同董事会/公司的性别薪酬惩罚差异很大（从 18% 到 78%），平均值为 46%。这一发现表明，公司之间不可观测的异质性是观测到的性别薪酬差距的主要来源。

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The gender pay gap at the top floor: A multilevel analysis of Spanish listed companies

The gender pay gap, including at the top management level, is a socially relevant issue; however, it remains controversial. This study explores the distribution of pay by gender for executive directors of Spanish listed companies over the period 2012 to 2021. The analysis is based on multilevel regression. Three-level models with a fixed slope for gender show that female directors face an average 45% pay penalty relative to their male peers after controlling for time-varying individual and board/firm variables, time-invariant firm characteristics, and year of observation. A three-level model including all control variables and a random slope for gender shows that the gender pay penalty varies significantly across boards/firms (from 18% to 78%), with an average value of 46%. This finding suggests that unobservable heterogeneity among firms is a primary source of the observed gender pay gap.

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来源期刊

European Management Journal Multiple-

CiteScore

12.90

自引率

5.30%

发文量

113

审稿时长

74 days

期刊介绍： The European Management Journal (EMJ) stands as a premier scholarly publication, disseminating cutting-edge research spanning all realms of management. EMJ articles challenge conventional wisdom through rigorously informed empirical and theoretical inquiries, offering fresh insights and innovative perspectives on key management themes while remaining accessible and engaging for a wide readership. EMJ articles embody intellectual curiosity and embrace diverse methodological approaches, yielding contributions that significantly influence both management theory and practice. We actively seek interdisciplinary research that integrates distinct research traditions to illuminate contemporary challenges within the expansive domain of European business and management. We strongly encourage cross-cultural investigations addressing the unique challenges faced by European management scholarship and practice in navigating global issues and contexts.