Mild phenotypes in patients with different deletions in the 3' enhancer region of SHOX.

Haploinsufficiency of the short stature homeobox-containing (SHOX) gene leads to a phenotypic spectrum ranging from Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWD) to SHOX-deficient short stature. SHOX nullizygosity leads to Langer mesomelic dysplasia. Pathogenic variants can include whole or partial gene deletions or duplications, point mutations within the coding sequence, and deletions of upstream and downstream regulatory elements. Here we report two families: a non-consanguineous family with a deletion downstream of SHOX, in which the homozygous proband presented with isolated Madelung deformity, without LWD or short stature, as well as a 9-year-old girl with Madelung deformities, mesomelia, a dominant family history of Madelung deformity and a heterozygous deletion of the CNE9 region in the 3' downstream region of SHOX. These case reports provide additional information on the effects of 3' downstream deletions of SHOX, by demonstrating the limited phenotype associated with the recurrent 47.5 kb deletion in a homozygous state and the CNE9 deletion in a heterozygous state.