Yandi Permana, Soni Siswanto, Nur Hidayah Kaz Abdul Aziz, B. W. Wardhani
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Neurotoxin-induced animal model of multiple sclerosis: Molecular mechanism focus
Background: Neurotoxins can alter the central nervous system. They induce severe clinical symptoms such as encephalopathy, convulsions, muscle paralysis, and respiratory failure. Hence, the neurotoxin can mimic human central nervous system disorders such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) to study pathophysiology and drugs of development.
Objective: This mini-review compared the neurotoxins for mimicking MS in animal models.
Method: This study was a narrative review using the scientific electronic databases Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. All related articles by keywords animal models, multiple sclerosis, and neurotoxins were collected by YP and BW. All authors contributed to manuscript development.
Result: Cuprizone, ethidium bromide, lysolecithin, Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG), and Myelin Essential Protein (MBP) are neurotoxins for MS animal models. Cuprizone is particularly relevant for use in studies addressing toxic mechanisms of the demyelination process and studies of therapeutic interventions. Ethidium bromide causes spinal cord demyelination with distinctive features in the oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. However, it is a carcinogen agent. Lysolecithin is suitable for old animal models because the duration for remyelination is relatively longer than others. MOG and MBP are preferable to resemble MS pathophysiology in humans.
Conclusion: MOG and MBP are appropriate for generating animal multiple sclerosis models for further in vivo experiments.
期刊介绍:
Pharmacy Education journal provides a research, development and evaluation forum for communication between academic teachers, researchers and practitioners in professional and pharmacy education, with an emphasis on new and established teaching and learning methods, new curriculum and syllabus directions, educational outcomes, guidance on structuring courses and assessing achievement, and workforce development. It is a peer-reviewed online open access platform for the dissemination of new ideas in professional pharmacy education and workforce development. Pharmacy Education supports Open Access (OA): free, unrestricted online access to research outputs. Readers are able to access the Journal and individual published articles for free - there are no subscription fees or ''pay per view'' charges. Authors wishing to publish their work in Pharmacy Education do so without incurring any financial costs.