The analysis of relationships between global shipping networks and foreign trade volumes in developing countries

This study aims to examine the relationships between the Liner Shipping Connectivity Index and foreign trade volumes in Brazil, China, India, Russia, Türkiye, and South Africa. In pursuit of this objective, causality relationships among the variables were examined using the bootstrap panel causality test with data 2006–2021. The analysis findings indicate a positive and bidirectional causality relationship between the connectivity to global maritime networks and exports in Brazil and a positive and unidirectional causality relationship from the connectivity to global maritime networks and exports in Türkiye. Regarding the relationships between the connectivity to global maritime networks and imports, the analysis findings reveal a negative and unidirectional causality relationship from imports to the connectivity to global maritime networks in China, India, and Russia. However, in Türkiye, a positive and unidirectional causality relationship was identified from the connectivity to global maritime networks to imports.