L-series X-ray fluorescence cross section measurements for 72Hf employing synchrotron radiation

In the present work, the Hf target was irradiated by tuning the energy (E_p) of synchrotron radiation across the L_i (i = 1–3) edge-energies ranging from 9.6 keV to 14.0 keV in order to measure the cross sections for production of the fluorescent L_k X-rays (k = l, α, η, β_1,6, β₃, β₄, β_2,15, β_5,7, β_9,10, γ_1,5, γ_2,3,6,8, γ₄). These measurements were performed with the aim to check the validity of independent particle approximation (IPA) models at incident photon energies in proximity to the L_i absorption edges of a heavy transition element. The measured cross sections were compared with three sets of values calculated using the X-ray emission rates based on the Dirac-Fock model, the L_i (i = 1–3) sub-shell photoionization cross-sections based on the non-relativistic Hartree-Fock-Slater model and three sets of the fluorescence (ω_i) and Coster-Kronig (f_ji) yields.