{"title":"从外在和内在奖励中获得能力","authors":"Patrick Anselme , Suzanne E. Hidi","doi":"10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.101939","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The distinction between extrinsic and intrinsic rewards and their related motivations has been a major concern in educational psychology for decades. Although both types of rewards are related to the dopamine-fueled activation of the reward circuitry, neuroscientific studies now support the view that their processing also involves independent brain mechanisms.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>We show that these mechanisms also are already present in birds and nonhuman mammals, as they track cues and extrinsic rewards in their environment (such as food and shelter), and we discuss a number of intrinsically rewarded activities (such as information seeking and play). The two categories of motivated behaviors evolved to perform distinct functions and are both crucial for the species survival.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We assume that a human-animal comparison is appropriate, and suggest that both extrinsic and intrinsic rewards in humans are necessary to acquire competence, and optimally manage real-life settings, including school environments. More specifically, we argue that intrinsic and extrinsic motivations are additive rather than conflicting processes, and that intrinsic motivation is characterized by exploratory behavior and is associated with benefits for an individual; it is a step to apprehend and exploit the knowledge acquired by means of extrinsic sources of reward.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48357,"journal":{"name":"Learning and Instruction","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 101939"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Acquiring competence from both extrinsic and intrinsic rewards\",\"authors\":\"Patrick Anselme , Suzanne E. Hidi\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.101939\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The distinction between extrinsic and intrinsic rewards and their related motivations has been a major concern in educational psychology for decades. Although both types of rewards are related to the dopamine-fueled activation of the reward circuitry, neuroscientific studies now support the view that their processing also involves independent brain mechanisms.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>We show that these mechanisms also are already present in birds and nonhuman mammals, as they track cues and extrinsic rewards in their environment (such as food and shelter), and we discuss a number of intrinsically rewarded activities (such as information seeking and play). The two categories of motivated behaviors evolved to perform distinct functions and are both crucial for the species survival.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We assume that a human-animal comparison is appropriate, and suggest that both extrinsic and intrinsic rewards in humans are necessary to acquire competence, and optimally manage real-life settings, including school environments. More specifically, we argue that intrinsic and extrinsic motivations are additive rather than conflicting processes, and that intrinsic motivation is characterized by exploratory behavior and is associated with benefits for an individual; it is a step to apprehend and exploit the knowledge acquired by means of extrinsic sources of reward.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":48357,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Learning and Instruction\",\"volume\":\"92 \",\"pages\":\"Article 101939\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-05-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Learning and Instruction\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"95\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959475224000665\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"教育学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Learning and Instruction","FirstCategoryId":"95","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959475224000665","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH","Score":null,"Total":0}
Acquiring competence from both extrinsic and intrinsic rewards
Background
The distinction between extrinsic and intrinsic rewards and their related motivations has been a major concern in educational psychology for decades. Although both types of rewards are related to the dopamine-fueled activation of the reward circuitry, neuroscientific studies now support the view that their processing also involves independent brain mechanisms.
Aims
We show that these mechanisms also are already present in birds and nonhuman mammals, as they track cues and extrinsic rewards in their environment (such as food and shelter), and we discuss a number of intrinsically rewarded activities (such as information seeking and play). The two categories of motivated behaviors evolved to perform distinct functions and are both crucial for the species survival.
Conclusion
We assume that a human-animal comparison is appropriate, and suggest that both extrinsic and intrinsic rewards in humans are necessary to acquire competence, and optimally manage real-life settings, including school environments. More specifically, we argue that intrinsic and extrinsic motivations are additive rather than conflicting processes, and that intrinsic motivation is characterized by exploratory behavior and is associated with benefits for an individual; it is a step to apprehend and exploit the knowledge acquired by means of extrinsic sources of reward.
期刊介绍:
As an international, multi-disciplinary, peer-refereed journal, Learning and Instruction provides a platform for the publication of the most advanced scientific research in the areas of learning, development, instruction and teaching. The journal welcomes original empirical investigations. The papers may represent a variety of theoretical perspectives and different methodological approaches. They may refer to any age level, from infants to adults and to a diversity of learning and instructional settings, from laboratory experiments to field studies. The major criteria in the review and the selection process concern the significance of the contribution to the area of learning and instruction, and the rigor of the study.