David N George, Josephine E Haddon, Oren Griffiths
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引用次数: 0
摘要
联想学习的基本模型通常采用一个常见的预测误差项。在条件反射试验之后,它们预测线索与结果之间关联强度的变化取决于对结果的预测程度。当出现多个线索时,每个线索都会对预测产生影响。同样的规则也适用于兴奋性条件反射过程中联想强度的增加和消退过程中联想强度的减弱。在五项使用过敏预测任务的实验中,我们测试了共同错误项在因果学习消退过程中的参与情况。两个目标线索分别与一个结果配对,然后与第二个兴奋性线索或之前单独消退的线索复合消退。在测试中,两个目标线索的因果评分没有差异。旨在使参与者偏向于对线索化合物进行元素处理、促进获得抑制性联想或减少训练和测试之间的泛化递减的操作均无效果。这些结果与联想学习的常见错误项模型并不一致。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
Absence of differential protection from extinction in human causal learning.
Elemental models of associative learning typically employ a common prediction-error term. Following a conditioning trial, they predict that the change in the strength of an association between a cue and an outcome is dependent upon how well the outcome was predicted. When multiple cues are present, they each contribute to that prediction. The same rule applies both to increases in associative strength during excitatory conditioning and the loss of associative strength during extinction. In five experiments using an allergy prediction task, we tested the involvement of a common error term in the extinction of causal learning. Two target cues were each paired with an outcome prior to undergoing extinction in compound either with a second excitatory cue or with a cue that had previously undergone extinction in isolation. At test, there was no difference in the causal ratings of the two target cues. Manipulations designed to bias participants toward elemental processing of cue compounds, to promote the acquisition of inhibitory associations, or to reduce generalization decrement between training and test were each without effect. These results are not consistent with common error term models of associative learning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition publishes experimental and theoretical studies concerning all aspects of animal behavior processes.