大型直驱风力发电机结构的完整性:考虑热负荷和新技术的综合优化设计方法

Machines Pub Date : 2024-04-21 DOI:10.3390/machines12040277
M. Bichan, P. Jaen-Sola, Daniel Gonzalez-Delgado, Erkan Oterkus
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引用次数: 0

摘要

随着全球海上风力发电能力的迅速扩大,最大限度地降低运行和维护要求至关重要。直驱发电机被视为传统传动系统的低维护替代品,在难以维护地区的风力涡轮机中越来越常见。为了满足低速运行对扭矩的更高要求,这些设备体积庞大,与同类产品相比,机舱尺寸和质量大大增加。因此,本文详细介绍了国际能源机构 15 兆瓦参考风力涡轮机转子的结构优化,通过迭代参数和拓扑优化,并考虑其机械、模态和热性能,加入了额外的结构部件。由于发现温度对兆瓦级直驱机器的结构完整性有重大影响,因此进行了计算流体动力学分析,以绘制运行期间的结构温度图,并为随后的有限元法分析提供信息。这一过程是本文的新颖之处,它发现拓扑优化结构在热性能上优于参数优化结构,而且可以采用集成散热器来进一步减少变形。最后,生成设计技术被用来进一步优化结构,减少其质量、变形和最大应力,并扩大其工作范围。这项研究得出了几个重要结论,表明通过去除气缸壁几何区域,以及通过实施结构支撑和迭代参数及拓扑优化技术,可以显著降低质量。通过其灵活性,我们发现生成式设计是一个强大的工具,可以进一步改进已经高效但复杂的设计。研究发现,散热片可降低发电机结构温度,从而在提供结构支持的同时降低主动冷却要求。最后,转子质量增加与财务和环境影响增加之间的联系也得到了证实。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
On the Integrity of Large-Scale Direct-Drive Wind Turbine Electrical Generator Structures: An Integrated Design Methodology for Optimisation, Considering Thermal Loads and Novel Techniques
With the rapid expansion of offshore wind capacity worldwide, minimising operation and maintenance requirements is pivotal. Regarded as a low-maintenance alternative to conventional drivetrain systems, direct-drive generators are increasingly commonplace for wind turbines in hard-to-service areas. To facilitate higher torque requirements consequent to low-speed operation, these machines are bulky, greatly increasing nacelle size and mass over their counterparts. This paper therefore details the structural optimisation of the International Energy Agency 15 MW Reference Wind Turbine rotor through iterative Parameter and Topology Optimisation and the inclusion of additional structural members, with consideration to its mechanical, modal, and thermal performances. With temperature found to have a significant impact on the structural integrity of multi-megawatt direct-drive machines, a Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis was carried out to map the temperature of the structure during operation and inform a consequent Finite Element Method analysis. This process, novel to this paper, found that topologically optimised structures outperform parametrically optimised structures thermally and that integrated heatsinks can be employed to further reduce deformation. Lastly, generative design techniques were used to further optimise the structure, reducing its mass, deformation, and maximum stress and expanding its operating envelope. This study reaches several key conclusions, demonstrating that significant mass reductions are achievable through the removal of cylinder wall geometry areas as well as through the implementation of structural supports and iterative parametric and topology optimisation techniques. Through the flexibility it grants, generative design was found to be a powerful tool, delivering further improvements to an already efficient, yet complex design. Heatsinks were found to lower generator structural temperatures, which may yield lower active cooling requirements whilst providing structural support. Lastly, the link between the increased mass and the increased financial and environmental impact of the rotor was confirmed.
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