阴谋论背后以群体为导向的动机

IF 4 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI:10.1177/13684302241240696

Jan-Willem van Prooijen

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引用次数: 0

摘要

阴谋论假定一群邪恶的行动者串通一气，伤害感知者的内群体，因此是一种群体间现象。阴谋论信仰背后的群体导向动机是什么？本文认为，阴谋论既与象征性的、基于身份的动机有关，也与现实的、基于伤害的动机有关。作为象征性动机，阴谋论有助于人们发展、维持和保护积极的社会认同。阴谋论可以通过共同的信仰体系将人们团结在一起，为有利的群体间比较提供基础，并使感知者将内群体地位的威胁归因于他们无法控制的外部力量。作为现实动机，阴谋论使人们为与其他群体的冲突做好准备。阴谋论将抽象的不信任感转化为对不当行为的具体指控。这就提供了一个信号，表明外群体具有威胁性，调动了内群体的积极性，促使他们做好战斗准备。我将讨论这些过程对理论和实践的影响。

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Group-oriented motivations underlying conspiracy theories

By assuming that a group of nefarious actors collude to harm a perceiver’s ingroup, conspiracy theories are an intergroup phenomenon. What are the group-oriented motivations underlying belief in conspiracy theories? This contribution proposes that conspiracy theories are associated with both symbolic, identity-based motivations and realistic, harm-based motivations. As symbolic motivations, conspiracy theories help people develop, maintain, and protect a positive social identity. Conspiracy theories can unite people through a shared belief system, provide a basis for favorable intergroup comparison, and enable perceivers to attribute ingroup status threats to external forces beyond their control. As realistic motivations, conspiracy theories prepare people for conflict with other groups. Conspiracy theories transform an abstract sense of distrust into concrete allegations of misconduct. This provides a signal that an outgroup is threatening, mobilizes the ingroup, and promotes a readiness to fight. I discuss the implications of these processes for theory and practice.

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来源期刊

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL-

CiteScore

8.50

自引率

4.50%

发文量

期刊介绍： Group Processes & Intergroup Relations is a scientific social psychology journal dedicated to research on social psychological processes within and between groups. It provides a forum for and is aimed at researchers and students in social psychology and related disciples (e.g., organizational and management sciences, political science, sociology, language and communication, cross cultural psychology, international relations) that have a scientific interest in the social psychology of human groups. The journal has an extensive editorial team that includes many if not most of the leading scholars in social psychology of group processes and intergroup relations from around the world.